Gower Menna, Spiranovic Caroline, Morgan Frank, Saunders Julie
School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
School of Law, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
Psychiatr Psychol Law. 2022 Feb 14;30(2):192-210. doi: 10.1080/13218719.2021.2006095. eCollection 2023.
Female offender risk assessment is predominantly based on criminogenic factors that predict reoffending in males. Research indicates there are criminogenic factors specific to female offenders, and certain factors linked to offending for both sexes have greater impact on female offenders. This paper extends current research using a Western Australian sample to determine whether findings are replicated with an Australian cohort. Gender differences in the criminogenic profile of 1704 violent offenders (9% female), assessed using the Level of Service/Risk, Need, Responsivity (LS/RNR) and Violence Risk Scale (VRS), were analysed using a matched sample study design. There were significant gender differences on all components of the LS/RNR, except criminal history. In the subsequent matched study, these differences varied, and females scored significantly lower on all VRS-SV items, except age. Gender differences in violence risk scores were clear, providing support for gender-responsive assessment and treatment of violent female offenders, with further validation needed.
女性罪犯风险评估主要基于预测男性再犯罪的犯罪成因因素。研究表明，存在特定于女性罪犯的犯罪成因因素，而且某些与两性犯罪相关的因素对女性罪犯有更大影响。本文利用西澳大利亚州的样本扩展了当前研究，以确定研究结果是否能在澳大利亚队列中得到重现。使用服务水平/风险、需求、反应性（LS/RNR）和暴力风险量表（VRS）对1704名暴力罪犯（9%为女性）的犯罪成因特征进行评估，采用匹配样本研究设计分析了性别差异。除犯罪史外，LS/RNR的所有组成部分都存在显著的性别差异。在随后的匹配研究中，这些差异有所不同，除年龄外，女性在所有VRS-SV项目上的得分都显著较低。暴力风险得分的性别差异很明显，这为针对女性暴力罪犯的性别敏感评估和治疗提供了支持，但仍需进一步验证。
