Gao Longlong, Xu Wenjie, Xin Tianyi, Song Jingyuan
Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Mar 7;14:1124536. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124536. eCollection 2023.
There is a long history of traditional medicine use. However, little genetic information is available for the plants used in traditional medicine, which limits the exploitation of these natural resources. Third-generation sequencing (TGS) techniques have made it possible to gather invaluable genetic information and develop herbal genomics. In this review, we introduce two main TGS techniques, PacBio SMRT technology and Oxford Nanopore technology, and compare the two techniques against Illumina, the predominant next-generation sequencing technique. In addition, we summarize the nuclear and organelle genome assemblies of commonly used medicinal plants, choose several examples from genomics, transcriptomics, and molecular identification studies to dissect the specific processes and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the two TGS techniques when applied to medicinal organisms. Finally, we describe how we expect that TGS techniques will be widely utilized to assemble telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genomes and in epigenomics research involving medicinal plants.
传统医学的使用有着悠久的历史。然而，用于传统医学的植物的遗传信息却很少，这限制了对这些自然资源的开发利用。第三代测序（TGS）技术使收集宝贵的遗传信息并发展草药基因组学成为可能。在这篇综述中，我们介绍两种主要的TGS技术，PacBio SMRT技术和牛津纳米孔技术，并将这两种技术与主流的下一代测序技术Illumina进行比较。此外，我们总结了常用药用植物的核基因组和细胞器基因组组装情况，从基因组学、转录组学和分子鉴定研究中选取几个例子来剖析具体过程，并总结这两种TGS技术应用于药用生物时的优缺点。最后，我们描述了我们对TGS技术将如何被广泛用于组装端粒到端粒（T2T）基因组以及涉及药用植物的表观基因组学研究的期望。
