Hart Elspeth, Meehan William P, Bae Donald S, d'Hemecourt Pierre, Stracciolini Andrea
Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2018 Nov;17(11):366-375. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000536.
Gymnastics is a sport requiring grace, strength, and flexibility, resulting in a wide variety of injuries. This article is an overview of the sport of gymnastics and associated injury trends in the artistic gymnastics population. Injury rates in gymnastics range from 1.08 to 50.3 per 1000 h of exposure. More injuries occur in competition versus practice. Fewer injuries occur in recreational gymnastics than competitive gymnastics. The most common injury in gymnastics occurs in the lower extremity, and is an ankle sprain, followed by knee internal derangement. However, in men's gymnastics the most common gymnastics injury occurs in the upper body (specifically the shoulder). The most common skills causing injury to a gymnast are front/back handsprings and saltos/flips. Unique injuries commonly seen when caring for the young gymnast include spondylolysis, ostoechondritis dissecans of the capetillium and talus, Gymnast wrist, Grip lock, Osgood-Schlatter, patellofemoral syndrome, Sever's disease, and ankle sprains. Research efforts should focus on injury rates after the 2006 rule change, injury prevention, men's gymnastics injury patterns, concussions, hip injuries, and ACL injuries in gymnasts.
体操是一项需要优雅、力量和灵活性的运动，因此会导致各种各样的损伤。本文概述了体操运动以及艺术体操人群中的相关损伤趋势。体操运动的损伤发生率为每暴露1000小时1.08至50.3例。比赛中的损伤比训练时更多。业余体操中的损伤比竞技体操少。体操中最常见的损伤发生在下肢，为脚踝扭伤，其次是膝关节内部紊乱。然而，在男子体操中，最常见的损伤发生在上半身（特别是肩部）。导致体操运动员受伤的最常见动作是前/后手翻和空翻/转体。在照顾年轻体操运动员时常见的独特损伤包括椎弓根峡部裂、骰骨和距骨剥脱性骨软骨炎、体操运动员腕、握力锁、奥-施二氏病、髌股综合征、塞弗氏病和脚踝扭伤。研究工作应聚焦于2006年规则变更后的损伤发生率、损伤预防、男子体操损伤模式、脑震荡、髋部损伤以及体操运动员的前交叉韧带损伤。
