Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Mar 7;15(3):205. doi: 10.3390/toxins15030205.
To reduce the toxicity of modern feeds polluted by mycotoxins, various sorbents are added to them when feeding animals. A part of the mycotoxins is excreted from the body of animals with these sorbents and remains in the manure. As a result, bulk animal wastes containing mixtures of mycotoxins are formed. It is known that it is partially possible to decrease the initial concentration of mycotoxins in the process of anaerobic digestion (AD) of contaminated methanogenic substrates. The aim of this review was to analyze the recent results in destruction of mycotoxins under the action of enzymes present in cells of anaerobic consortia catalyzing methanogenesis of wastes. The possible improvement of the functioning of the anaerobic artificial consortia during detoxification of mycotoxins in the bird droppings is discussed. Particular attention was paid to the possibility of effective functioning of microbial enzymes that catalyze the detoxification of mycotoxins, both at the stage of preparation of poultry manure for methanogenesis and directly in the anaerobic process itself. The sorbents with mycotoxins which appeared in the poultry wastes composed one of the topics of interest in this review. The preliminary alkaline treatment of poultry excreta before processing in AD was considered from the standpoint of effectively reducing the concentrations of mycotoxins in the waste.
为了降低受霉菌毒素污染的现代饲料的毒性，在给动物喂食时会添加各种吸附剂。一部分霉菌毒素会随这些吸附剂一起从动物体内排出，并残留在粪便中。因此，形成了含有霉菌毒素混合物的大量动物废物。已知在污染的产甲烷底物的厌氧消化（AD）过程中，部分可能降低霉菌毒素的初始浓度。本综述的目的是分析在厌氧菌群细胞中存在的酶的作用下破坏霉菌毒素的最新结果，这些酶可催化废物的甲烷生成。讨论了在粪便中脱除霉菌毒素时，提高厌氧人工菌群功能的可能性。特别关注了能够有效发挥作用的微生物酶的可能性，这些酶可催化霉菌毒素的解毒，无论是在准备禽畜粪便进行甲烷生成的阶段，还是直接在厌氧过程本身中。本综述还关注了禽畜废物中出现的霉菌毒素吸附剂，从在 AD 中进行处理之前对禽畜粪便进行碱性预处理的角度，考虑了有效降低废物中霉菌毒素浓度的问题。
