Yang Jicheng, Zhang Qianqian, Zhang Tanglin, Wang Shuyi, Hao Jingwen, Wu Zhenbing, Li Aihua
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
Microorganisms. 2023 Feb 21;11(3):544. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11030544.
Symbiotic microorganisms in the digestive and circulatory systems are found in various crustaceans, and their essential roles in crustacean health, nutrition, and disease have attracted considerable interest. Although the intestinal microbiota of the Chinese mitten crab () has been extensively studied, information on the symbiotic microbiota at various sites of this aquatic economic species, particularly the hepatopancreas and hemolymph, is lacking. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the hemolymph, hepatopancreas, and intestinal microbiota of Chinese mitten crab through the high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results showed no significant difference in microbial diversity between the hemolymph and hepatopancreas (Welch -test; > 0.05), but their microbial diversity was significantly higher than that in the intestine ( < 0.05). Distinct differences were found in the structure, composition, and predicted function of the symbiotic microbiota at these sites. At the phylum level, the hemolymph and hepatopancreas microbiota were dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteriota, followed by Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota, whereas the gut microbiota was mainly composed of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota. At the genus level, , , and were dominant in the hepatopancreas; , and were dominant in the intestine; , norank_Vicinamibacterales, and were relatively high-abundance genera in the hemolymph. The composition and abundance of symbiotic microbiota in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas were extremely similar ( > 0.05), and no significant difference in functional prediction was found ( > 0.05). Comparing the hemolymph in the intestine and hepatopancreas, the hemolymph had lower variation in bacterial composition among individuals, having a more uniform abundance of major bacterial taxa, a smaller coefficient of variation, and the highest proportion of shared genera. Network complexity varied greatly among the three sites. The hepatopancreas microbiota was the most complex, followed by the hemolymph microbiota, and the intestinal microbiota had the simplest network. This study revealed the taxonomic and functional characteristics of the hemolymph, hepatopancreas, and gut microbiota in Chinese mitten crab. The results expanded our understanding of the symbiotic microbiota in crustaceans, providing potential indicators for assessing the health status of Chinese mitten crab.
在各种甲壳类动物的消化系统和循环系统中都发现了共生微生物，它们在甲壳类动物的健康、营养和疾病方面的重要作用引起了广泛关注。尽管中华绒螯蟹（ ）的肠道微生物群已得到广泛研究，但关于这种水生经济物种各个部位，特别是肝胰腺和血淋巴中的共生微生物群的信息却很缺乏。本研究旨在通过对16S rRNA基因进行高通量测序，全面表征中华绒螯蟹的血淋巴、肝胰腺和肠道微生物群。结果表明，血淋巴和肝胰腺之间的微生物多样性没有显著差异（Welch检验；>0.05），但它们的微生物多样性显著高于肠道中的微生物多样性（<0.05）。在这些部位的共生微生物群的结构、组成和预测功能方面发现了明显差异。在门水平上，血淋巴和肝胰腺微生物群以变形菌门、厚壁菌门和酸杆菌门为主，其次是拟杆菌门和放线菌门，而肠道微生物群主要由厚壁菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门组成。在属水平上， 、 和 在肝胰腺中占主导地位； 、 和 在肠道中占主导地位； 、未分类的维西纳米菌目和 在血淋巴中是相对丰度较高的属。血淋巴和肝胰腺中共生微生物群的组成和丰度极其相似（>0.05），在功能预测方面未发现显著差异（>0.05）。比较肠道和肝胰腺中的血淋巴，血淋巴在个体间细菌组成的变化较小，主要细菌类群的丰度更均匀，变异系数更小，共享属的比例最高。三个部位的网络复杂性差异很大。肝胰腺微生物群最复杂，其次是血淋巴微生物群，肠道微生物群的网络最简单。本研究揭示了中华绒螯蟹血淋巴、肝胰腺和肠道微生物群的分类和功能特征。研究结果扩展了我们对甲壳类动物共生微生物群的理解，为评估中华绒螯蟹的健康状况提供了潜在指标。
