Cowell C T, Rogers S, Silink M
Diabetologia. 1986 Feb;29(2):97-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00456117.
Twenty-four hour urinary albumin excretion was measured in 97 children with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and found to have a geometric mean of 6 mg/day (range 1-38 mg/d). The same geometric mean of 6 mg/day (range 1-45 mg/d) was found in 120 normal children. The relationship of 24-h urinary albumin excretion to the albumin concentration (mg/l) and to the ratio of albumin: creatinine (mg:mmol) on first morning urine samples in 64 patients was highly significant (r = 0.93 and r = 0.62 respectively, p less than 0.001). In 41 patients, the relationship between 24-h urinary albumin excretion and albumin concentration upon urine samples at various times was assessed. The correlation was highest on the first morning sample (r = 0.86); 09.00 h to 13.00 h, 0.51; 13.00 h to 18.00 h, 0.68; 18.00 h to 23.00 h, 0.32. High sensitivity and moderate specificity was obtained using a first morning albumin concentration of greater than 20 mg/l to detect increased albumin excretion. These results show that the measurement of albumin concentration on the first morning urine sample can be used for a screening test for microalbuminuria in children.
对97名1型（胰岛素依赖型）糖尿病儿童进行了24小时尿白蛋白排泄量测量，发现其几何平均值为6毫克/天（范围为1 - 38毫克/天）。在120名正常儿童中也发现了相同的6毫克/天几何平均值（范围为1 - 45毫克/天）。对64例患者首次晨尿样本中24小时尿白蛋白排泄量与白蛋白浓度（毫克/升）以及白蛋白：肌酐比值（毫克：毫摩尔）之间的关系进行分析，发现相关性非常显著（分别为r = 0.93和r = 0.62，p < 0.001）。对41例患者评估了24小时尿白蛋白排泄量与不同时间点尿液样本中白蛋白浓度之间的关系。首次晨尿样本的相关性最高（r = 0.86）；上午9点至下午1点，r = 0.51；下午1点至下午6点，r = 0.68；下午6点至晚上11点，r = 0.32。使用首次晨尿白蛋白浓度大于20毫克/升来检测白蛋白排泄量增加，具有高敏感性和中等特异性。这些结果表明，首次晨尿样本中白蛋白浓度的测量可用于儿童微量白蛋白尿的筛查试验。
