Inatomi Animal Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Kusama Animal Health Laboratory, Kashima-shi, Saga, Japan.
PLoS One. 2023 Mar 30;18(3):e0281745. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281745. eCollection 2023.
Chronic kidney disease is a prevalent and significant disease worldwide. This study investigated the effects of a medicinal probiotic (BIO-THREE, TOA Biopharma Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) with safety assurance that contained Bacillus subtilis TO-A, Enterococcus faecium T-110, and Clostridium butyricum TO-A in chronic kidney disease. BIO-THREE was approved as a medical drug by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and is widely used in the human medical field to improve various symptoms caused by abnormal intestinal microflora. Sixty male rats were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) normal group (n = 20, group 1), rats were given a normal diet for 3 weeks, followed by phosphate-buffered solution (once daily, orally) and a normal diet for 4 weeks; (2) control group (n = 20, Group 2), rats were given a normal diet including 0.75% adenine for 3 weeks, followed by phosphate-buffered saline (once daily, orally) and a normal diet for 4 weeks; and (3) probiotic group (n = 20, Group 3), rats were given a normal diet including 0.75% adenine for 3 weeks, followed by probiotics (once daily, orally) and a normal diet for 4 weeks. Probiotic administration resulted in a decrease in intestinal pH by increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and consequently suppressed the production of urea toxin production, thus, protecting renal function. The lower intestinal pH also promoted a reduction in the blood phosphorus levels by promoting ionisation of calcium and its binding to free phosphorus. This probiotic-induced increase in SCFA production reduced intestinal permeability, inhibited blood lipopolysaccharide and urea toxin production, and prevented the weakening of muscle function and strength. Moreover, it improved dysbiosis in the gut. This study shows the potential of this probiotics approved as medicinal drug to reduce chronic kidney disease progression, especially where safety is required. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings in humans.
慢性肾脏病是一种在全球范围内普遍存在且严重的疾病。本研究探讨了一种药用益生菌（BIO-THREE，日本东京的 TOA 制药株式会社）对慢性肾脏病的影响。该益生菌已获得日本厚生劳动省的药品批准，安全性有保障，包含枯草芽孢杆菌 TO-A、屎肠球菌 T-110 和丁酸梭菌 TO-A。BIO-THREE 已被广泛应用于人类医学领域，用于改善因肠道微生物群落失衡而引起的各种症状。
60 只雄性大鼠被随机分为三组：（1）正常组（n=20，第 1 组），大鼠给予正常饮食 3 周，随后给予磷酸盐缓冲液（每日一次，口服）和正常饮食 4 周；（2）对照组（n=20，第 2 组），大鼠给予含 0.75%腺嘌呤的正常饮食 3 周，随后给予磷酸盐缓冲液（每日一次，口服）和正常饮食 4 周；（3）益生菌组（n=20，第 3 组），大鼠给予含 0.75%腺嘌呤的正常饮食 3 周，随后给予益生菌（每日一次，口服）和正常饮食 4 周。益生菌的使用通过增加短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的产生来降低肠道 pH 值，从而抑制尿素毒素的产生，从而保护肾功能。较低的肠道 pH 值还通过促进钙的离子化及其与游离磷的结合，促进血磷水平的降低。这种益生菌诱导的 SCFA 产生增加可降低肠道通透性，抑制血内脂多糖和尿素毒素的产生，并防止肌肉功能和力量的减弱。此外，它还改善了肠道的菌群失调。
本研究表明，这种已被批准为药品的益生菌具有降低慢性肾脏病进展的潜力，特别是在需要安全性的情况下。需要进一步的研究来验证这些发现是否适用于人类。
