Yin Wei, Bai Yuhai, Wang Shuai, Xu Kai, Liang Jian, Shang Qianhan, Sa Wei, Wang Le
State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China.
Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Mar 25;9(4):e14899. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14899. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Proteins that are pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1) can accumulate to high levels when plants employ defenses, being major participants in processes critical for stress responses as well as development of many species. Yet we still lack information concerning family members in Qingke plants ( L. var. ). In this work, we distinguished 20 from the Qingke genome whose encoded proteins often featured at the N-terminus a signal peptide; all 20 PR-1s were predicted to localize either periplasmically or extracellularly. The CAP domain was confirmed as being highly conserved in all these PR-1s. Phylogeny-based inference revealed that PR-1 proteins clustered into four major clades, with the majority of Qingke PR-1s distributed in clade I (17 out 20), and the other 3 distributed in clade II. Gene structure analysis showed that 16 did not contain any introns, whereas the other four had 1-4 introns. We identified a variety of motifs that are -acting in the promoter regions of ; these included those potentially involved in Qingke's light response, hormonal and stress responses, circadian control and regulation of development and growth, in addition to sites where transcription factors bind to. Expression analysis uncovered several members of genes that were strongly and rapidly induced by powdery mildew infection, phytohormones, and cold stimulus. Altogether, our study's findings enhance what is known about genetic features of PR-1 family members in plants, especially Qingke, and could thereby facilitate further exploration aiming to elucidate the functioning of these proteins.
病程相关蛋白1（PR - 1）在植物进行防御时可积累至高水平，是许多物种应激反应及发育关键过程的主要参与者。然而，我们仍缺乏关于青稞（L. var.）中该家族成员的信息。在这项研究中，我们从青稞基因组中鉴定出20个PR - 1，其编码蛋白在N端通常具有信号肽；所有20个PR - 1均被预测定位于周质或细胞外。CAP结构域在所有这些PR - 1中被证实高度保守。基于系统发育的推断显示，PR - 1蛋白聚为四个主要分支，大多数青稞PR - 1分布在分支I（20个中有17个），另外3个分布在分支II。基因结构分析表明，16个PR - 1不含任何内含子，而另外4个有1 - 4个内含子。我们在PR - 1的启动子区域鉴定出多种顺式作用基序；这些基序包括可能参与青稞光反应、激素和应激反应、昼夜节律控制以及发育和生长调节的基序，此外还有转录因子结合位点。表达分析发现，几个PR - 1基因成员受白粉病感染、植物激素和冷刺激强烈且快速诱导。总之，我们的研究结果增进了对青稞等植物中PR - 1家族成员遗传特征的了解，从而有助于进一步探索以阐明这些蛋白的功能。
