Comprehensive Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of () Genes in .

The gene family is essential for plant defense and stress response. In this study, 11 genes were identified in through comprehensive genomic analysis, all of which encoded proteins with conserved CAP (cysteine-rich secretory protein, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1) domains and signal peptides. Phylogenetic analysis categorized these genes into five evolutionary clusters, reflecting their evolutionary divergence. Chromosomal localization analysis revealed that the gene family is distributed across three chromosomes: Chr1 contains six genes, Chr6 contains three, and Chr8 contains one. Intraspecific collinearity analysis indicated segmental duplications of and on Chr1. Interspecific collinearity analysis showed that five genes are collinear with both and , with also exhibiting collinearity with and . Tissue-specific expression profiling indicated high expression levels in the flowers and stems, indicating their roles in various developmental processes. Differential expression patterns under hormonal and biotic stress revealed that was particularly responsive to brassinosteroid (BR) treatment. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that SmPR-1-5 was present in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, suggesting its involvement in intracellular signaling. Additionally, CMV infection triggered a time-dependent expression pattern, activating specific genes during the early and late infection stages. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional roles of genes in stress responses and immunity, laying the groundwork for breeding disease-resistant varieties. Future research should explore the regulatory mechanisms and interactions of genes with other defense pathways to fully understand their contribution to plant resistance.