Yang HeeBong, Kim Na Young
Institute of Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Mar 23;16(7):2561. doi: 10.3390/ma16072561.
NISQ is a representative keyword at present as an acronym for "noisy intermediate-scale quantum", which identifies the current era of quantum information processing (QIP) technologies. QIP science and technologies aim to accomplish unprecedented performance in computation, communications, simulations, and sensing by exploiting the infinite capacity of parallelism, coherence, and entanglement as governing quantum mechanical principles. For the last several decades, quantum computing has reached to the technology readiness level 5, where components are integrated to build mid-sized commercial products. While this is a celebrated and triumphant achievement, we are still a great distance away from quantum-superior, fault-tolerant architecture. To reach this goal, we need to harness technologies that recognize undesirable factors to lower fidelity and induce errors from various sources of noise with controllable correction capabilities. This review surveys noisy processes arising from materials upon which several quantum architectures have been constructed, and it summarizes leading research activities in searching for origins of noise and noise reduction methods to build advanced, large-scale quantum technologies in the near future.
NISQ作为“有噪声中等规模量子”的首字母缩写词，是目前一个具有代表性的关键词，它标识了量子信息处理（QIP）技术的当前时代。QIP科学技术旨在通过利用作为量子力学原理的并行性、相干性和纠缠的无限能力，在计算、通信、模拟和传感方面实现前所未有的性能。在过去几十年里，量子计算已达到技术就绪水平5，即组件被集成以构建中型商业产品。虽然这是一项值得庆祝的重大成就，但我们距离量子优越性、容错架构仍有很大差距。为了实现这一目标，我们需要利用能够识别降低保真度的不良因素并具有可控校正能力以减少来自各种噪声源的误差的技术。本综述调查了在其上构建了几种量子架构的材料所产生的有噪声过程，并总结了在寻找噪声来源和降噪方法以在不久的将来构建先进的大规模量子技术方面的主要研究活动。
