Trzcińska-Wencel Joanna, Wypij Magdalena, Terzyk Artur P, Rai Mahendra, Golińska Patrycja
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry of Materials, Adsorption and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
Front Chem. 2023 Aug 4;11:1235437. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1235437. eCollection 2023.
Plant pathogenic microorganisms adversely affect the growth and yield of crops, which consequently leads to losses in food production. Metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) can be a remedy to solve this problem. Novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were biosynthesized from IOR 825 and characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and measurement of Zeta potential. Antibacterial activity of NPs was evaluated against four plant pathogenic strains by determination of the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and biocidal concentrations (MBC). Micro-broth dilution method and poisoned food technique were used to assess antifungal activity of NPs against a set of plant pathogens. Effect of nanopriming with both types of MNPs on maize seed germination and seedlings growth was evaluated at a concentration range of 1-256 μg mL. Mycosynthesis of MNPs provided small (8.27 nm), spherical and stable (zeta potential of -17.08 mV) AgNPs with good crystallinity. Similarly, ZnONPs synthesized by using two different methods (ZnONPs(1) and ZnONPs(2)) were larger in size (117.79 and 175.12 nm, respectively) with Zeta potential at -9.39 and -21.81 mV, respectively. The FTIR spectra showed the functional groups (hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl) of the capping molecules on the surface of MNPs. The values of MIC and MBC of AgNPs against bacteria ranged from 8 to 256 μg mL and from 512 to 1024 μg mL, respectively. Both types of ZnONPs displayed antibacterial activity at 256-1024 μg mL (MIC) and 512-2048 μg mL (MBC), but in the concentration range tested, they revealed no activity against . Moreover, AgNPs and ZnONPs inhibited the mycelial growth of and . MIC and MFC values of AgNPs ranged from 16-128 and 16-2048 μg mL , respectively. ZnONPs showed antifungal activity with MIC and MFC values of 128-2048 μg mL and 256-2048 μg mL, respectively. The AgNPs at a concentration of ≥32 μg mL revealed sterilization effect on maize seeds while ZnONPs demonstrated stimulatory effect on seedlings growth at concentrations of ≥16 μg mL by improving the fresh and dry biomass production by 24% and 18%-19%, respectively. AgNPs and ZnONPs mycosynthesized from IOR 825 could be applied in agriculture to prevent the spread of pathogens. However, further toxicity assays should be performed before field evaluation. In view of the potential of ZnONPs to stimulate plant growth, they could be crucial in increasing crop production from the perspective of current food assurance problems.
植物病原微生物会对农作物的生长和产量产生不利影响，进而导致粮食生产损失。金属基纳米颗粒（MNPs）可能是解决这一问题的一种方法。新型银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）和氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONPs）由IOR 825生物合成，并使用动态光散射（DLS）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和Zeta电位测量进行表征。通过测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和杀菌浓度（MBC）来评估纳米颗粒对四种植物病原菌的抗菌活性。采用微量肉汤稀释法和毒饵法评估纳米颗粒对一组植物病原菌的抗真菌活性。在1-256μg/mL的浓度范围内评估了两种类型的MNPs纳米引发对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。MNPs的真菌合成产生了尺寸小（8.27nm）、呈球形且稳定（Zeta电位为-17.08mV）且具有良好结晶度的AgNPs。同样，通过两种不同方法合成的ZnONPs（ZnONPs(1)和ZnONPs(2)）尺寸较大（分别为117.79和175.12nm），Zeta电位分别为-9.39和-21.81mV。FTIR光谱显示了MNPs表面封端分子的官能团（羟基、氨基和羧基）。AgNPs对细菌的MIC和MBC值分别为8至256μg/mL和512至1024μg/mL。两种类型的ZnONPs在256-1024μg/mL（MIC）和512-2048μg/mL（MBC）时显示出抗菌活性，但在测试的浓度范围内，它们对[此处原文缺失某种病原菌名称]没有活性。此外，AgNPs和ZnONPs抑制了[此处原文缺失两种病原菌名称]的菌丝生长。AgNPs的MIC和MFC值分别为16-128和16-2048μg/mL。ZnONPs显示出抗真菌活性，MIC和MFC值分别为128-2048μg/mL和256-2048μg/mL。浓度≥32μg/mL的AgNPs对玉米种子有杀菌作用，而浓度≥16μg/mL的ZnONPs对幼苗生长有刺激作用，分别使鲜重和干重增加24%和18%-19%。由IOR 825真菌合成的AgNPs和ZnONPs可应用于农业中以防止病原菌传播。然而，在进行田间评估之前应进行进一步的毒性测定。鉴于ZnONPs具有刺激植物生长的潜力，从当前粮食保障问题来看，它们对于提高作物产量可能至关重要。
