Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 2;15(7):1740. doi: 10.3390/nu15071740.
The purpose of this study is to understand the conflicting results from previous studies on the association between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the most recent scientific evidence. A systematic review used three electronic databases to gather literature on the association between carbohydrate intake and CVD. Considering the discrepancies, either fixed or random effect models were chosen to determine the effect size, and sensitivity analysis results, as well as publication bias, were also presented. The meta-analysis found that individuals with the highest carbohydrate intake had a 1.15-fold increased risk of CVD compared to those with the lowest intake (hazard ratio, HR: 1.15, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.07-1.23). Further subgroup analysis revealed that this association was only present in Asia, with a 1.52-fold increased risk (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.17-1.97), while no associations were seen in the Americas, Europe, and Oceania. The relationship between carbohydrate intake and CVD was non-linear, with a marked escalation beyond 60% of total energy from carbohydrates. Our findings suggest that a high-carbohydrate diet may raise the risk of CVD, particularly in Asian populations. This association may be due to the higher carbohydrate consumption and genetic variations found in Asia.
本研究旨在通过系统综述和荟萃分析来总结最新的科学证据，以理解先前关于碳水化合物摄入与心血管疾病（CVD）之间关联的研究结果存在矛盾的原因。系统综述使用了三个电子数据库来收集关于碳水化合物摄入与 CVD 之间关联的文献。考虑到差异，选择固定效应模型或随机效应模型来确定效应大小，并呈现敏感性分析结果以及发表偏倚。荟萃分析发现，与最低碳水化合物摄入量相比，摄入量最高的个体患 CVD 的风险增加了 1.15 倍（风险比，HR：1.15，95%置信区间，CI：1.07-1.23）。进一步的亚组分析表明，这种关联仅存在于亚洲，风险增加了 1.52 倍（HR：1.52，95%CI：1.17-1.97），而在美洲、欧洲和大洋洲则没有关联。碳水化合物摄入与 CVD 之间的关系是非线性的，超过总能量的 60%来自碳水化合物后，风险明显上升。我们的研究结果表明，高碳水化合物饮食可能会增加 CVD 的风险，尤其是在亚洲人群中。这种关联可能是由于亚洲碳水化合物摄入量较高和遗传变异所致。
