Koutsoumanis Konstantinos, Allende Ana, Alvarez-Ordoñez Avelino, Bolton Declan, Bover-Cid Sara, Chemaly Marianne, Davies Robert, De Cesare Alessandra, Herman Lieve, Hilbert Friederike, Lindqvist Roland, Nauta Maarten, Peixe Luisa, Skandamis Panagiotis, Suffredini Elisabetta, Miller Michael W, Mysterud Atle, Nöremark Maria, Simmons Marion, Tranulis Michael A, Vaccari Gabriele, Viljugrein Hildegunn, Ortiz-Pelaez Angel, Ru Giuseppe
EFSA J. 2023 Apr 17;21(4):e07936. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7936. eCollection 2023 Apr.
The European Commission requested an analysis of the Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) monitoring programme in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (9 January 2017-28 February 2022). Thirteen cases were detected in reindeer, 15 in moose and 3 in red deer. They showed two phenotypes, distinguished by the presence or absence of detectable disease-associated normal cellular prion protein (PrP) in lymphoreticular tissues. CWD was detected for the first time in Finland, Sweden and in other areas of Norway. In countries where the disease was not detected, the evidence was insufficient to rule out its presence altogether. Where cases were detected, the prevalence was below 1%. The data also suggest that the high-risk target groups for surveillance should be revised, and 'road kill' removed. Data show that, in addition to differences in age and sex, there are differences in the prion protein gene () genotypes between positive and negative wild reindeer. A stepwise framework has been proposed with expanded minimum background surveillance to be implemented in European countries with relevant cervid species. Additional surveillance may include ad hoc surveys for four different objectives, specific to countries with/without cases, focusing on parallel testing of obex and lymph nodes from adult cervids in high-risk target groups, sustained over time, using sampling units and a data-driven design prevalence. Criteria for assessing the probability of CWD presence have been outlined, based on the definition of the geographical area, an annual assessment of risk of introduction, sustained minimum background surveillance, training and engagement of stakeholders and a surveillance programme based on data-driven parameters. All positive cases should be genotyped. Sample sizes for negative samples have been proposed to detect and estimate the frequency of polymorphisms. Double-strand sequencing of the entire open reading frame should be undertaken for all selected samples, with data collated in a centralised collection system at EU level.
欧盟委员会要求对挪威、瑞典、芬兰、冰岛、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛和波兰的慢性消耗病（CWD）监测计划进行分析（2017年1月9日至2022年2月28日）。在驯鹿中检测到13例病例，驼鹿中检测到15例，马鹿中检测到3例。它们表现出两种表型，通过淋巴网状组织中是否存在可检测到的与疾病相关的正常细胞朊病毒蛋白（PrP）来区分。CWD首次在芬兰、瑞典以及挪威的其他地区被检测到。在未检测到该疾病的国家，证据不足以完全排除其存在。在检测到病例的地方，患病率低于1%。数据还表明，应修订监测的高风险目标群体，并剔除“路杀动物”。数据显示，除了年龄和性别差异外，阳性和阴性野生驯鹿之间的朊病毒蛋白基因（）基因型也存在差异。已提出一个逐步框架，在有相关鹿类物种的欧洲国家实施扩大的最低背景监测。额外监测可能包括针对四个不同目标的临时调查，这四个目标因有/无病例的国家而异，重点是对高风险目标群体中的成年鹿类的延髓和淋巴结进行平行检测，并随着时间的推移持续进行，采用抽样单位和数据驱动的设计患病率。已概述了评估CWD存在可能性的标准，基于地理区域的定义、引入风险的年度评估、持续的最低背景监测、利益相关者的培训和参与以及基于数据驱动参数的监测计划。所有阳性病例均应进行基因分型。已提出阴性样本的样本量，以检测和估计多态性的频率。应对所有选定样本进行整个开放阅读框的双链测序，并在欧盟层面的集中收集系统中整理数据。
