Department of Engineering and Geology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, Pescara 65127, Italy.
Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy.
Dent Mater. 2023 Jun;39(6):539-556. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.04.002. Epub 2023 Apr 18.
To discuss the state of the art of Finite Element (FE) modeling in implant dentistry, to highlight the principal features and the current limitations, and giving recommendations to pave the way for future studies.
The articles' search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using specific keywords. The articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after title, abstract and full-text evaluation. A total of 147 studies were included in this review.
To date, the FE analysis of the bone-dental implant system has been investigated by analyzing several types of implants; modeling only a portion of bone considered as isotropic material, despite its anisotropic behavior; assuming in most cases complete osseointegration; considering compressive or oblique forces acting on the implant; neglecting muscle forces and the bone remodeling process. Finally, there is no standardized approach for FE modeling in the dentistry field.
FE modeling is an effective computational tool to investigate the long-term stability of implants. The ultimate aim is to transfer such technology into clinical practice to help dentists in the diagnostic and therapeutic phases. To do this, future research should deeply investigate the loading influence on the bone-implant complex at a microscale level. This is a key factor still not adequately studied. Thus, a multiscale model could be useful, allowing to account for this information through multiple length scales. It could help to obtain information about the relationship among implant design, distribution of bone stress, and bone growth. Finally, the adoption of a standardized approach will be necessary, in order to make FE modeling highly predictive of the implant's long-term stability.
讨论口腔种植体领域有限元（FE）建模的最新进展，突出主要特点和当前局限性，并提出建议，为未来研究铺平道路。
通过 PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Science Direct 和 Google Scholar 使用特定关键字进行文献检索。根据纳入和排除标准，对标题、摘要和全文进行评估后，选择文章。本综述共纳入 147 项研究。
迄今为止，通过分析几种类型的种植体对骨-牙种植体系统的 FE 分析已经进行了研究；建模仅考虑作为各向同性材料的一部分骨骼，尽管其具有各向异性行为；在大多数情况下假设完全骨整合；考虑作用于种植体的压缩或倾斜力；忽略肌肉力和骨重塑过程。最后，口腔医学领域的 FE 建模没有标准化方法。
FE 建模是研究种植体长期稳定性的有效计算工具。最终目的是将这项技术转移到临床实践中，帮助牙医在诊断和治疗阶段。为此，未来的研究应该深入研究在微观尺度上负载对骨-种植体复合体的影响。这是一个尚未充分研究的关键因素。因此，多尺度模型可能是有用的，可以通过多个长度尺度来考虑这些信息。它可以帮助获得有关植入物设计、骨应力分布和骨生长之间关系的信息。最后，需要采用标准化方法，以使 FE 建模能够高度预测植入物的长期稳定性。
