Pelly Fiona E, Tweedie Judith, O'Connor Helen
School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
Sports Med Open. 2023 Apr 21;9(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s40798-023-00567-7.
The objective of this meta-narrative review was to identify, organise and map the literature on food provision and nutrition support at the summer and winter Olympic and Paralympic Games (OPG) and similar major competition events over the past 21 years. This builds on a comprehensive update of a previous historical review of the evolution of food provision at the summer Olympic Games up until 2000 and considers contemporary issues such as the global pandemic and sustainability goals.
A range of sources included primary research and review articles, edited book chapters, theses, conference papers or abstracts, International Olympic Committee reports, Organising Committees' food vision and post-Games reports, independent professional reports, and media and periodicals including magazines and trade journals. The search strategy included four steps: a database search that complied with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews criteria, a search of the Olympic Studies Centre, a review of reference lists for unpublished sources, and a Google search for additional media reports. The researchers followed an iterative process where emerging narratives were discussed, recorded and refined as data were extracted.
The data from 229 records were extracted into a spreadsheet and grouped according to the type of evidence and specific event, then presented chronologically to give a perspective on the development of food provision and nutrition support. Eleven narratives emerged from the data extraction: 'description of meals, menus and food', 'vision of the food provision', 'food safety', 'catering company involvement', 'sponsorship or contracts with food companies', 'athlete perspective', 'stakeholder perspective', 'athlete food intake,' 'nutrition input in food provision', 'food environment' and 'sustainability'.
Results suggest that athletes' dining expectations, organising committee budgets, expert input and current global trends have led to food delivery changes. The OPG food environment has the capacity to positively influence the dietary choices of athletes and teams, while evolving to meet contemporary global challenges such as COVID-19 and sustainability targets.
本元叙事综述的目的是识别、整理和梳理过去21年里关于夏季和冬季奥运会及残奥会（OPG）以及类似重大赛事中食物供应和营养支持的文献。这是在对2000年以前夏季奥运会食物供应演变的历史综述进行全面更新的基础上进行的，并考虑了全球大流行和可持续发展目标等当代问题。
一系列资料来源包括原创研究和综述文章、编辑书籍章节、论文、会议论文或摘要、国际奥委会报告、组委会的食物愿景和赛后报告、独立专业报告以及包括杂志和行业期刊在内的媒体和期刊。搜索策略包括四个步骤：符合系统评价和Meta分析扩展的范围综述标准的数据库搜索、对奥林匹克研究中心的搜索、对未发表资料参考文献列表的审查以及通过谷歌搜索获取更多媒体报道。研究人员遵循一个迭代过程，在提取数据时对新出现的叙述进行讨论、记录和完善。
从229条记录中提取的数据被录入电子表格，并根据证据类型和具体赛事进行分组，然后按时间顺序呈现，以展现食物供应和营养支持的发展情况。数据提取过程中出现了11个叙述主题：“膳食、菜单和食物的描述”、“食物供应愿景”、“食品安全”、“餐饮公司参与情况”、“与食品公司的赞助或合同”、“运动员视角”、“利益相关者视角”、“运动员食物摄入量”、“食物供应中的营养投入”、“食物环境”和“可持续性”。
结果表明，运动员的餐饮期望、组委会预算、专家意见和当前全球趋势导致了食物供应的变化。奥运会及残奥会的食物环境有能力积极影响运动员和团队的饮食选择，同时不断发展以应对诸如新冠疫情和可持续发展目标等当代全球挑战。
