Al-Shboul Tamer, Sagala Farad, Nassar Nashaat N
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2023 May;315:102904. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102904. Epub 2023 Apr 12.
Oil wax deposition and precipitation are becoming a major problem during oil production, transportation, and refining. Deposition mitigation by chemical additives, like polymer and surfactants, are commonly used in the oil industry. Because there is no clarity in wax inhibition mechanisms of the additive with crude type and conditions, chemical wax inhibitors are still used in a trial-and-error manner in the oil fields, which is an expensive and inefficient methodology. Understanding the wax inhibition mechanism is important for the design of new inhibitors. This review aims to give an overview of the understanding and development of nanoparticle technology, surfactants, polymer, and their combination in the inhibition of wax deposition. The review looks into lab and pilot plant experiments reported in the recent literature, with more focus on the fundamentals of nanohybridization approaches in wax deposition control, testing methodologies (i.e., thermal, rheological, and morphological analysis), inhibition performance assessment, and mechanisms. The review begins with an overview of bibliometric analysis to shed light on the emerging areas in that field and also explore and analyze the large volumes of scientific data reported from 2000 to 2022 in this field. The performance parameters used for assessing the wax inhibitors in the laboratory are also summarized and addressed. Finally, the challenges and future remarks of the reported chemical inhibitors are reported in this paper. This review provides insights into the integration of nanomaterials into the existing technologies to overcome the existing challenges.
在石油生产、运输和精炼过程中，油蜡沉积和析出正成为一个主要问题。通过化学添加剂（如聚合物和表面活性剂）减轻沉积是石油工业中常用的方法。由于添加剂的蜡抑制机制与原油类型和条件之间的关系尚不明确，化学蜡抑制剂在油田中仍以试错方式使用，这是一种昂贵且低效的方法。了解蜡抑制机制对于新型抑制剂的设计很重要。本综述旨在概述纳米颗粒技术、表面活性剂、聚合物及其组合在抑制蜡沉积方面的理解和发展。该综述研究了近期文献中报道的实验室和中试装置实验，更侧重于蜡沉积控制中纳米杂交方法的基本原理、测试方法（即热分析、流变学和形态分析）、抑制性能评估及机制。综述首先对文献计量分析进行概述，以阐明该领域的新兴领域，并探索和分析2000年至2022年该领域报道的大量科学数据。还总结并讨论了实验室中用于评估蜡抑制剂的性能参数。最后，本文报道了所报道的化学抑制剂面临的挑战和未来展望。本综述为将纳米材料整合到现有技术中以克服现有挑战提供了见解。
