Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Poult Sci. 2023 Jun;102(6):102675. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102675. Epub 2023 Mar 29.
The effects of concurrent reduction of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels combined or not with the dietary inclusion of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) were studied using a nutrigenomics approach. In particular, the expression of 26 critical genes relevant for inflammation control (TLR pathway), cellular apoptosis (MAPK pathway) cell growth and nutrient metabolism (PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway) was profiled along the broiler intestine. Two dietary types (L and H) differing in metabolizable energy and crude protein levels (L: 95% and H: 100% of optimal Cobb 500 recommendations for ME and CP requirements) supplemented or not with PFA (- or +) and their interactions (L-, L+, H-, H+) were evaluated. There were only 3 total interactions (mTOR, IL8, and HRAS P < 0.05) between diet type and PFA inclusion indicating limited concurrent effects. Diet type, L upregulated genes related with inflammation mainly in the jejunum, ileum, and cecum (P < 0.05) and MAPK pathway in the ileum and cecum (P < 0.05). Moreover, diet type L negatively affected the expression of genes related to PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway mainly in duodenum and cecum (P < 0.05). On the other hand, PFA inclusion downregulated (P < 0.05) genes related with TLR signaling pathway (TLR2B, MyD88, TLR3, IL8, LITAF) along the intestine and MAPK pathway genes (APO1, FOS) in jejunum (P < 0.05). Finally, PFA supplementation regulated nutrient sensing and metabolism in the cecum in a manner perceived as beneficial for growth. In conclusion, the study results highlight that the reduced ME and CP specifications, especially in the absence of PFA, regulate inflammation, apoptosis and nutrient metabolism processes at homeostatic control levels that hinder maximizing the availability of dietary energy and nutrients for growth purposes. Inclusion of PFA helped to adjust the respective homeostatic responses and control to levels supporting broiler performance, especially at reduced specification diets.
本研究采用营养基因组学方法，研究了同时降低饲粮可代谢能（ME）和粗蛋白（CP）水平并添加或不添加植物源饲料添加剂（PFA）对肉鸡肠道的影响。特别地，对与炎症控制（TLR 途径）、细胞凋亡（MAPK 途径）、细胞生长和营养代谢（PI3K-Akt-mTOR 途径）相关的 26 个关键基因的表达进行了分析。研究了两种饲粮类型（L 和 H），它们在可代谢能和粗蛋白水平上存在差异（L：95%，H：Cobb 500 最优推荐 ME 和 CP 需求的 100%），并添加或不添加 PFA（-或+）及其相互作用（L-、L+、H-、H+）。饲粮类型和 PFA 添加之间只有 3 个总相互作用（mTOR、IL8 和 HRAS，P<0.05），表明同时存在的影响有限。饲粮类型 L 上调了与炎症相关的基因，主要在空肠、回肠和盲肠中（P<0.05），并下调了 PI3K-Akt-mTOR 途径相关基因，主要在空肠和盲肠中（P<0.05）。此外，饲粮类型 L 还下调了与 PI3K-Akt-mTOR 途径相关的基因表达，主要在十二指肠和盲肠中（P<0.05）。另一方面，PFA 添加下调了肠道中 TLR 信号途径（TLR2B、MyD88、TLR3、IL8、LITAF）和 MAPK 途径基因（APO1、FOS）的表达（P<0.05）。最后，PFA 补充以一种有利于生长的方式调节了盲肠中的营养感应和代谢。综上所述，研究结果表明，特别是在缺乏 PFA 的情况下，降低 ME 和 CP 规范会调节炎症、凋亡和营养代谢过程，使其达到稳态控制水平，从而阻碍最大限度地利用饲粮能量和营养物质来促进生长。添加 PFA 有助于调整相应的稳态反应和控制水平，以支持肉鸡的生产性能，特别是在低规范饲粮中。
