Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Xinjiang, China.
Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 24;13(1):6608. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33089-z.
Different rootstocks for grapes can significantly affect fruit color and quality, possibly by affecting hormone contents, related genetic pathways, and fruit coloring mechanisms in skin. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' was grafted to '5BB', 'SO4', '140R', 'CS', '3309M' and 'Vitis riparia' rootstocks, with self-rooting seedlings as the control (CS/CS), and sampled from the early stage of veraison to the ripening stage. The effects of rootstock on the contents of gibberellin (GA), auxin (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) in grape skin were determined alongside the expression levels of eight anthocyanin synthesis related genes using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR methods. The rootstock cultivars exhibited accelerated fruit color change, and the CS/140R combination resulted in grapes with more color than the control group in the same period. With the development of fruit, the IAA and GA contents in the skin of different rootstock combinations showed trends of increasing initially, then decreasing, while the ABA content decreased initially and then increased. During the verasion (28 July), the various 'Cabernet Sauvignon' rootstock combinations exhibited varying degrees of increases in GA, ABA, and IAA contents; correlation analysis showed that, at the start of veraison, the expression levels of the anthocyanin synthesis-related genes VvCHS, VvDFR, and VvUFGT had strong positive correlations with hormone contents, which indicated they are key genes involved in the endogenous hormone responsive anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The results of this study showed that rootstock regulates the fruit coloring process by influencing the metabolism level of peel hormones in the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape.
不同的葡萄砧木可以显著影响果实的颜色和品质，可能通过影响激素含量、相关遗传途径和果皮的果实着色机制。将‘赤霞珠’嫁接在‘5BB’、‘SO4’、‘140R’、‘CS’、‘3309M’和‘河岸葡萄’砧木上，以自根苗为对照（CS/CS），从转色期早期到成熟阶段取样。采用实时荧光定量 PCR 方法，测定了砧木对葡萄果皮中赤霉素（GA）、生长素（IAA）和脱落酸（ABA）含量以及 8 个与花青素合成相关基因表达水平的影响。砧木品种表现出果实颜色变化加快的现象，CS/140R 组合在同一时期葡萄的颜色比对照组更鲜艳。随着果实的发育，不同砧木组合的果皮中 IAA 和 GA 含量呈先增后减的趋势，ABA 含量呈先减后增的趋势。在转色期（7 月 28 日），不同‘赤霞珠’砧木组合的 GA、ABA 和 IAA 含量均有不同程度的增加；相关分析表明，在转色初期，与花青素合成相关基因 VvCHS、VvDFR 和 VvUFGT 的表达水平与激素含量呈强正相关，表明它们是参与内源激素响应花青素生物合成途径的关键基因。本研究结果表明，砧木通过影响‘赤霞珠’葡萄果皮激素代谢水平来调节果实着色过程。
