Kegamba Juma J, Sangha Kamaljit K, Wurm Penelope A S, Garnett Stephen T
College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, P.O. Box 3031, Moshi, Kilimanjaro Tanzania.
Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT Australia.
Biodivers Conserv. 2023;32(6):1901-1930. doi: 10.1007/s10531-023-02583-1. Epub 2023 Apr 6.
Benefit-sharing mechanisms have been instrumental in securing the support of local communities living on the edge of protected areas to implement protected area goals and enhance biodiversity conservation outcomes. Understanding the acceptability of the types of benefit provided among diverse communities is crucial for co-designing benefit-sharing approaches that accommodate local perspectives. Here, we used quasi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGD) to assess the acceptance of the types of benefit received by the communities in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem (GSE) in Tanzania and the effectiveness of the benefits in securing community support for conservation reserves. We found that the categories of social service provision, livelihood support, and employment described all the benefits provided across conservation institutions operating in the GSE. However, the types of benefit within these categories varied significantly among conservation institutions, in terms of level and frequency of benefits received by communities. Overall, student scholarships were highly rated by respondents as the most satisfying benefit received. Respondents who were dissatisfied with the benefits received thought that the benefits did not compensate for the high costs arising from wildlife incursions onto their land. Communities' acceptance of the benefits received varied greatly among villages, but only a small proportion of pooled respondents (22%) were willing to support the existence of a protected area without benefit. This study suggests that local people are willing to support conservation outcomes but require conservation institutions to give greater consideration to the costs incurred by communities, their livelihood needs, and access to natural resources or other benefits. We recommend that benefit-sharing be tailored to the local circumstances and cultures of people living close to protected areas, particularly communities expressing more negative views, to ensure adequate and appropriate compensation is provided.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-023-02583-1.
利益分享机制对于确保生活在保护区边缘的当地社区支持实施保护区目标并提高生物多样性保护成果起到了重要作用。了解不同社区对所提供利益类型的接受程度，对于共同设计能容纳当地观点的利益分享方法至关重要。在此，我们使用半结构化问卷和焦点小组讨论（FGD）来评估坦桑尼亚大塞伦盖蒂生态系统（GSE）中社区对所获利益类型的接受程度，以及这些利益在确保社区对保护区支持方面的有效性。我们发现，社会服务提供、生计支持和就业这几类描述了GSE中各保护机构提供的所有利益。然而，这些类别中的利益类型在各保护机构之间差异显著，体现在社区获得利益的水平和频率上。总体而言，学生奖学金被受访者评为最令人满意的所获利益。对所获利益不满意的受访者认为，这些利益无法弥补野生动物侵入其土地所带来的高昂成本。不同村庄的社区对所获利益的接受程度差异很大，但只有一小部分汇总受访者（22%）愿意在没有利益的情况下支持保护区的存在。这项研究表明，当地人愿意支持保护成果，但要求保护机构更多地考虑社区所产生的成本、他们的生计需求以及获取自然资源或其他利益的机会。我们建议，利益分享应根据生活在保护区附近的人们的当地情况和文化进行调整，特别是那些表达了更多负面观点的社区，以确保提供充分和适当的补偿。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10531-023-02583-1获取的补充材料。
