Veeraiah Pandichelvam, Jansen Jacobus F A
Scannexus (Ultra-High-Field MRI Center), 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Metabolites. 2023 Apr 19;13(4):577. doi: 10.3390/metabo13040577.
The brain is a highly energetic organ. Although the brain can consume metabolic substrates, such as lactate, glycogen, and ketone bodies, the energy metabolism in a healthy adult brain mainly relies on glucose provided via blood. The cerebral metabolism of glucose produces energy and a wide variety of intermediate metabolites. Since cerebral metabolic alterations have been repeatedly implicated in several brain disorders, understanding changes in metabolite levels and corresponding cell-specific neurotransmitter fluxes through different substrate utilization may highlight the underlying mechanisms that can be exploited to diagnose or treat various brain disorders. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive tool to measure tissue metabolism in vivo. H-MRS is widely applied in research at clinical field strengths (≤3T) to measure mostly high abundant metabolites. In addition, X-nuclei MRS including, C, H, O, and P, are also very promising. Exploiting the higher sensitivity at ultra-high-field (>4T; UHF) strengths enables obtaining unique insights into different aspects of the substrate metabolism towards measuring cell-specific metabolic fluxes in vivo. This review provides an overview about the potential role of multinuclear MRS (H, C, H, O, and P) at UHF to assess the cerebral metabolism and the metabolic insights obtained by applying these techniques in both healthy and diseased states.
大脑是一个高能量消耗的器官。尽管大脑能够消耗代谢底物，如乳酸、糖原和酮体，但健康成人大脑中的能量代谢主要依赖于通过血液提供的葡萄糖。葡萄糖的脑代谢产生能量和各种各样的中间代谢产物。由于脑代谢改变多次与多种脑部疾病相关，通过不同底物利用来了解代谢物水平变化以及相应的细胞特异性神经递质通量，可能会揭示可用于诊断或治疗各种脑部疾病的潜在机制。磁共振波谱（MRS）是一种在体内测量组织代谢的非侵入性工具。氢磁共振波谱（1H-MRS）在临床场强（≤3T）的研究中被广泛应用，主要用于测量高丰度代谢物。此外，包括碳（13C）、氢（1H）、氧（17O）和磷（31P）的异核磁共振波谱也很有前景。利用超高场（>4T；UHF）强度下更高的灵敏度，能够在体内测量细胞特异性代谢通量，从而对底物代谢的不同方面获得独特见解。本综述概述了超高场下多核磁共振波谱（氢、碳、氧和磷）在评估脑代谢方面的潜在作用，以及通过在健康和疾病状态下应用这些技术所获得的代谢见解。
