Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
Molecules. 2023 Apr 13;28(8):3425. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083425.
Bovine mastitis is a major concern for the dairy cattle community worldwide. Mastitis, subclinical or clinical, can be caused by contagious or environmental pathogens. Costs related to mastitis include direct and indirect losses, leading to global annual losses of USD 35 billion. The primary treatment of mastitis is represented by antibiotics, even if that results in the presence of residues in milk. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in livestock is contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resulting in a limited resolution of mastitis treatments, as well as a serious threat for public health. Novel alternatives, like the use of plant essential oils (EOs), are needed to replace antibiotic therapy when facing multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies available on EOs and their main components as an antibacterial treatment against a variety of mastitis causing pathogens. There are many in vitro studies, but only several in vivo. Given the promising results of treatments with EOs, further clinical trials are needed.
奶牛乳腺炎是全球奶牛养殖业面临的主要问题。乳腺炎（临床型或亚临床型）可由传染性或环境病原体引起。乳腺炎相关成本包括直接和间接损失，导致全球每年损失 350 亿美元。乳腺炎的主要治疗方法是使用抗生素，即使这会导致牛奶中残留抗生素。在畜牧业中过度和不当使用抗生素导致了抗生素耐药性（AMR）的发展，使得乳腺炎的治疗效果有限，并对公众健康构成严重威胁。当面临多药耐药菌时，需要新型替代品（如植物精油（EOs））来替代抗生素治疗。本综述旨在提供关于 EOs 及其主要成分作为针对各种引起乳腺炎的病原体的抗菌治疗的体外和体内研究的最新概述。有许多体外研究，但只有少数体内研究。鉴于 EOs 治疗的有希望的结果，需要进一步的临床试验。
