Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 11;19(24):16643. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416643.
Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the risk it represents to public health, and the possible consequences for animal health and welfare, there is an increasing focus on reducing antimicrobial usage (AMU) in animal husbandry. Therefore, a great interest in developing alternatives to AMU in livestock production is present worldwide. Recently, essential oils (EOs) have gained great attention as promising possibilities for the replacement of antibiotics. The current study aimed to test the potential of using a novel EO-based pharmaceutical formulation (Phyto-Bomat) in bovine mastitis treatment. The antibacterial activity was performed using the microdilution technique. Lactating dairy cows were treated with 15 mL of Phyto-Bomat in the inflamed quarter for 5 consecutive days in order to analyze blood and milk samples for thymol and carvacrol residues using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antimicrobial activity expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) indicates that this formulation has the highest activity against Gram-positive strains. The dominant compounds in Phyto-Bomat were thymol and carvacrol, at 12.58 ± 1.23 mg/mL and 23.11 ± 2.31 mg/mL, respectively. The quantification of these two compounds in evaluated biological samples showed that 24 h after administration the concentration of thymol and carvacrol in milk samples was at the same level as before application. On the other hand, thymol and carvacrol were detectable in plasma samples even after 24 h post-treatment, with values ranging from 0.15-0.38 and 0.21-0.66 µg/mL, respectively. The tested formulation showed encouraging results of antibacterial activity against bovine mastitis pathogens, as well as the withdrawal period of dominant compounds, which implies that further testing regarding the bacteriological and clinical cure rates in clinical settings is needed.
由于抗生素耐药菌的出现，对公共卫生构成的风险，以及对动物健康和福利的可能影响，人们越来越关注减少畜牧业中的抗菌药物使用（AMU）。因此，全世界都在大力研究开发替代畜牧业中 AMU 的方法。最近，精油（EOs）作为抗生素替代品的潜力引起了广泛关注。本研究旨在测试新型基于精油的药物制剂（Phyto-Bomat）在奶牛乳腺炎治疗中的潜力。使用微量稀释技术进行抗菌活性测试。给患有乳腺炎的泌乳奶牛每发炎的乳房部位注射 15 毫升的 Phyto-Bomat，连续 5 天，然后使用气相色谱和质谱（GC-MS）分析血液和奶样中的百里香酚和香芹酚残留量。抗菌活性表示为最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC），表明该制剂对革兰氏阳性菌的活性最高。Phyto-Bomat 的主要化合物是百里香酚和香芹酚，分别为 12.58 ± 1.23 mg/mL 和 23.11 ± 2.31 mg/mL。在评估的生物样本中对这两种化合物的定量分析表明，给药后 24 小时，奶样中百里香酚和香芹酚的浓度与应用前相同。另一方面，即使在治疗后 24 小时，仍可在血浆样本中检测到百里香酚和香芹酚，其浓度范围分别为 0.15-0.38 µg/mL 和 0.21-0.66 µg/mL。该制剂对奶牛乳腺炎病原体表现出令人鼓舞的抗菌活性结果，以及主要化合物的停药期，这意味着需要在临床环境中进一步测试细菌学和临床治愈率。
