College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauer Street 4., 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Molecules. 2023 Apr 17;28(8):3533. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083533.
Many plants of the Berberis genus have been reported pharmacologically to possess anti-diabetic potential, and has been found to be an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and tyrosinase. Thus, this study investigated the hypoglycemic effects of methanol extract/fractions using in vitro and In vivo methods. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), BSA-methylglyoxal and BSA-glucose methods were used to assess anti-glycation activity in vitro, while in vivo hypoglycemic effects were determined by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Moreover, the hypolipidemic and nephroprotective effects were studied and phenolics were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro anti-glycation showed a significant reduction in glycated end-products formation at 1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL. In vivo hypoglycemic effects were tested at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg by measuring blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin (Hb) and HbA1c. The synergistic effect of extract/fractions (600 mg/kg) with insulin exhibited a pronounced glucose reduction in alloxan diabetic rats. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) demonstrated a decline in glucose concentration. Moreover, extract/fractions (600 mg/kg) exhibited an improved lipid profile, increased Hb, HbA1c levels and body weight for 30 days. Furthermore, diabetic animals significantly exhibited an upsurge in total protein, albumin and globulin levels, along with a significant improvement in urea and creatinine after extract/fractions administration for 42 days. Phytochemistry revealed alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and saponins. HPLC showed the presence of phenolics in ethyl acetate fraction that could be accountable for pharmacological actions. Therefore, it can be concluded that possesses strong hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and nephroprotective effects, and could be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes treatment.
许多小檗属植物在药理学上已被报道具有抗糖尿病潜力，并且已被发现是α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶和酪氨酸酶的抑制剂。因此，本研究采用体外和体内方法研究了 甲醇提取物/馏分的降血糖作用。牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、BSA-甲基乙二醛和 BSA-葡萄糖方法用于评估体外抗糖化活性，而口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）用于测定体内降血糖作用。此外，还研究了降血脂和肾保护作用，并使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测了酚类物质。体外抗糖化显示在 1、0.25 和 0.5 mg/mL 时显著减少糖化终产物的形成。在 200、400 和 600 mg/kg 时通过测量血糖、胰岛素、血红蛋白（Hb）和 HbA1c 测试体内降血糖作用。提取物/馏分（600 mg/kg）与胰岛素的协同作用在所有oxan 糖尿病大鼠中表现出显著降低血糖的作用。口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）显示葡萄糖浓度下降。此外，提取物/馏分（600 mg/kg）在 30 天内显示出改善的血脂谱、增加的 Hb、HbA1c 水平和体重。此外，糖尿病动物在给予提取物/馏分 42 天后，总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白水平显著升高，尿素和肌酐水平显著改善。植物化学研究表明，提取物中含有生物碱、单宁、糖苷、类黄酮、酚类、萜类和皂苷。HPLC 显示乙酸乙酯馏分中存在酚类物质，这可能是其药理作用的原因。因此，可以得出结论，具有很强的降血糖、降血脂和肾保护作用，可能是治疗糖尿病的潜在治疗药物。
