Drioiche Aziz, Ailli Atika, Handaq Nadia, Remok Firdaous, Elouardi Mohamed, Elouadni Hajar, Al Kamaly Omkulthom, Saleh Asmaa, Bouhrim Mohamed, Elazzouzi Hanane, El Makhoukhi Fadoua, Zair Touriya
Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco.
Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Mohamed V. Hospital, Meknes 50000, Morocco.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Apr 5;16(4):545. doi: 10.3390/ph16040545.
In order to valorize the species from Morocco and to prepare new products with high added value that can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry, our interest was focused on the phytochemical characterization and the biological and pharmacological properties of the stigmas of this plant. For this purpose, the essential oil of this species, extracted by hydrodistillation and then analyzed by GC-MS, revealed a predominance of phorone (12.90%); (R)-(-)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol (11.65%); isopropyl palmitate (9.68%); dihydro--ionone (8.62%); safranal (6.39%); --ionone (4.81%); 4-keto-isophorone (4.72%); and 1-eicosanol (4.55%) as the major compounds. The extraction of phenolic compounds was performed by decoction and Soxhlet extraction. The results of the determination of flavonoids, total polyphenols, condensed tannins, and hydrolyzable tannins determined by spectrophotometric methods on aqueous and organic extracts have proved the richness of in phenolic compounds. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC/UV-ESI-MS of extracts revealed the presence of crocin, picrocrocin, crocetin, and safranal molecules specific to this species. The study of antioxidant activity by three methods (DPPH, FRAP, and total antioxidant capacity) has proved that is a potential source of natural antioxidants. Antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract (E) was investigated by microdilution on a microplate. The results have revealed the efficacy of the aqueous extract against and sp. with MIC ≤ 600 µg/mL and against , , and with MIC = 2500 µg/mL. Measurements of pro-thrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in citrated plasma obtained from routine healthy blood donors were used to determine the anticoagulant activity of aqueous extract (E). The anticoagulant activity of the extract (E) studied showed that this extract can significantly prolong the partial thromboplastin time ( < 0.001) with a 359 µg/mL concentration. The antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous extract was studied in albino Wistar rats. The aqueous extract (E) showed strong in vitro inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared with acarbose. Thus, it very significantly inhibited postprandial hyperglycemia in albino Wistar rats. According to the demonstrated results, we can affirm the richness of stigmas in bioactive molecules and its use in traditional medicine.
为了充分利用来自摩洛哥的物种，并制备可用于食品和制药行业的高附加值新产品，我们的研究重点集中在该植物柱头的植物化学特征以及生物学和药理学特性上。为此，通过水蒸馏提取该物种的精油，然后用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）进行分析，结果显示主要成分有佛尔酮（12.90%）；(R)-(-)-2,2 - 二甲基 - 1,3 - 二氧戊环 - 4 - 甲醇（11.65%）；棕榈酸异丙酯（9.68%）；二氢 - β - 紫罗兰酮（8.62%）；藏红花醛（6.39%）；β - 紫罗兰酮（4.81%）；4 - 酮异佛尔酮（4.72%）；以及1 - 二十烷醇（4.55%）。酚类化合物的提取采用煎煮法和索氏提取法。通过分光光度法对水提取物和有机提取物中黄酮类化合物（总多酚、缩合单宁和水解单宁）的测定结果证明该植物富含酚类化合物。通过高效液相色谱/紫外 - 电喷雾电离质谱联用仪（HPLC/UV - ESI-MS）对提取物进行色谱分析，结果显示存在该物种特有的藏红花素、苦藏花素、藏红花酸和藏红花醛分子。通过三种方法（1,1 - 二苯基 - 2 - 苦基肼自由基法（DPPH）、铁离子还原抗氧化能力法（FRAP）和总抗氧化能力法）对其抗氧化活性进行研究，结果证明该植物是天然抗氧化剂的潜在来源。通过微量稀释法在微孔板上研究了水提取物（E）的抗菌活性。结果表明，该水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌具有抗菌效果，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）≤600μg/mL，对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌的MIC = 2500μg/mL。通过测量从常规健康献血者获得的枸橼酸盐血浆中的凝血酶原时间（PT）和活化部分凝血活酶时间（aPTT）来测定水提取物（E）的抗凝活性。所研究的提取物（E）的抗凝活性表明，该提取物在浓度为359μg/mL时可显著延长部分凝血活酶时间（P < 0.001）。在白化Wistar大鼠中研究了水提取物的降血糖作用。与阿卡波糖相比，水提取物（E）在体外对α - 淀粉酶和α - 葡萄糖苷酶具有较强的抑制活性。因此，它能非常显著地抑制白化Wistar大鼠的餐后高血糖。根据已证明的结果，我们可以肯定该植物柱头富含生物活性分子，并在传统医学中有应用。
