Dresen Muriel, Valentin-Weigand Peter, Berhanu Weldearegay Yenehiwot
Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
Pathogens. 2023 Mar 31;12(4):541. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12040541.
, both a common colonizer of the porcine upper respiratory tract and an invasive pig pathogen, successfully adapts to different host environments encountered during infection. Whereas the initial infection mainly occurs via the respiratory tract, in a second step, the pathogen can breach the epithelial barrier and disseminate within the whole body. Thereby, the pathogen reaches other organs such as the heart, the joints, or the brain. In this review, we focus on the role of metabolism for adaptation to these different in vivo host niches to encounter changes in nutrient availability, host defense mechanisms and competing microbiota. Furthermore, we highlight the close link between metabolism and virulence. Mutants deficient in metabolic regulators often show an attenuation in infection experiments possibly due to downregulation of virulence factors, reduced resistance to nutritive or oxidative stress and to phagocytic activity. Finally, metabolic pathways as potential targets for new therapeutic strategies are discussed. As antimicrobial resistance in isolates has increased over the last years, the development of new antibiotics is of utmost importance to successfully fight infections in the future.
作为猪上呼吸道的常见定植菌和侵袭性猪病原体，[病原体名称未给出]成功适应感染过程中遇到的不同宿主环境。虽然初始感染主要通过呼吸道发生，但在第二步中，病原体可突破上皮屏障并在全身扩散。由此，病原体到达心脏、关节或大脑等其他器官。在本综述中，我们关注代谢在适应这些不同体内宿主生态位以应对营养可用性变化、宿主防御机制和竞争性微生物群方面的作用。此外，我们强调代谢与毒力之间的紧密联系。代谢调节因子缺陷的突变体在感染实验中通常表现出毒力减弱，这可能是由于毒力因子下调、对营养或氧化应激的抵抗力降低以及吞噬活性降低所致。最后，讨论了作为新治疗策略潜在靶点的代谢途径。由于近年来[病原体名称未给出]分离株的抗菌耐药性有所增加，开发新抗生素对于未来成功对抗感染至关重要。
