Srivastava Kumar Saurabh, Jeswani Vandana, Pal Nabanita, Bohra Babita, Vishwakarma Vaishali, Bapat Atharva Ashish, Patnaik Yamini Prashanti, Khanna Navin, Shukla Rahul
Division of Virus Research and Therapeutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
Translational Health, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 27;11(4):742. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040742.
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the causal agent behind Japanese encephalitis (JE), a potentially severe brain infection that spreads through mosquito bites. JE is predominant over the Asia-Pacific Region and has the potential to spread globally with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Efforts have been made to identify and select various target molecules essential in JEV's progression, but until now, no licensed anti-JEV drug has been available. From a prophylactic point of view, a few licensed JE vaccines are available, but various factors, viz., the high cost and different side effects imposed by them, has narrowed their global use. With an average occurrence of >67,000 cases of JE annually, there is an urgent need to find a suitable antiviral drug to treat patients at the acute phase, as presently only supportive care is available to mitigate infection. This systematic review highlights the current status of efforts put in to develop antivirals against JE and the available vaccines, along with their effectiveness. It also summarizes epidemiology, structure, pathogenesis, and potential drug targets that can be explored to develop a new range of anti-JEV drugs to combat JEV infection globally.
日本脑炎病毒（JEV）是日本脑炎（JE）的病原体，日本脑炎是一种潜在的严重脑部感染，通过蚊虫叮咬传播。日本脑炎在亚太地区较为普遍，并有在全球传播的可能性，其发病率和死亡率较高。人们已努力识别和筛选日本脑炎病毒传播过程中必不可少的各种靶分子，但到目前为止，尚无获得许可的抗日本脑炎病毒药物。从预防角度来看，有几种获得许可的日本脑炎疫苗，但由于各种因素，如成本高昂以及它们带来的不同副作用，限制了其在全球的使用。每年日本脑炎平均发病病例超过67000例，迫切需要找到一种合适的抗病毒药物来治疗急性期患者，因为目前对于感染只能进行支持性治疗。本系统综述重点介绍了开发抗日本脑炎病毒药物和现有疫苗的工作现状及其有效性。它还总结了流行病学、病毒结构、发病机制以及可探索的潜在药物靶点，以便开发一系列新型抗日本脑炎病毒药物来对抗全球范围内的日本脑炎病毒感染。
