Latifi Masoomeh, Maraki Fatemeh, Parvaresh Mohammad-Javad, Zarei Mohammadreza, Allabakhshian Leili
Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Department of Operating Room, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2023 Feb 28;12:54. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_326_22. eCollection 2023.
Because of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the preventive measures have increased, such as focusing on the use of medicinal plants in most communities, including Iran. The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge, attitude, and performance of individuals toward the use of medicinal plants and to identify the predictors of the use of medicinal plants in the prevention of COVID-19.
This descriptive-analytical study (February-April 2021) was performed on 3840 Iranian men and women aged 20-70 years selected as a multi-stage cluster study. At the first stage, all provinces were divided into five regions: North, South, East, West, and Center. In the second stage, a provincial center and a city were randomly selected from each region (North: Sari, Babol; South: Bushehr, Bandar Genaveh; East: Mashhad, Sabzevar; West: Hamedan, Toisarkan; Center: Yazd, Ardakan). Data were collected by a researcher-made scale based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Data analysis was performed applying Pearson correlation coefficient, logistic regression, and linear regression.
The results showed that people have relatively high knowledge and positive attitude toward the use of medicinal plants in prevention of COVID-19. The most important reason for positive attitude was the perceived benefits with the mean of 75.06%. Also, half of the people had poor performance. Correlation coefficient showed that the use of medicinal plants with perceived sensitivity ( = 0.000, r = 0.3), perceived benefits ( = 0.012, r = 0.126), perceived barriers ( = 0.000, r = 0.179), and perceived self-efficacy ( = 0.000, r = 0.305) had a significant correlation. The strongest correlation between perceived self-efficacy was observed with the use of herbs in prevention of COVID-19. The HBM constructs can predict 26% of the variance for the use of medicinal plants in the prevention of COVID-19, among which perceived self-efficacy (β = 0.230) was the most powerful predictor.
Based on the results, the predictive role of self-efficacy constructs for the use of medicinal plants in prevention of COVID-19 has been confirmed according to the HBM. Therefore, methods of increasing self-efficacy such as training programs and providing appropriate intervention models can be used not only as promoters of using medicinal plants in prevention of COVID-19 but also for improving people's performance in the proper use of medicinal plants.
由于2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的传播，预防措施有所增加，比如在包括伊朗在内的大多数社区，人们开始重视药用植物的使用。本研究的目的是确定个人对药用植物使用的知识、态度和行为，并确定预防COVID-19时药用植物使用的预测因素。
本描述性分析研究（2021年2月至4月）对3840名年龄在20至70岁的伊朗男女进行，采用多阶段整群抽样法选取。第一阶段，将所有省份划分为五个区域：北部、南部、东部、西部和中部。第二阶段，从每个区域随机选取一个省级中心和一个城市（北部：萨里、巴博勒；南部：布什尔、格纳维港；东部：马什哈德、萨卜泽瓦尔；西部：哈马丹、图伊斯尔坎；中部：亚兹德、阿尔达坎）。数据通过基于健康信念模型（HBM）的研究者自编量表收集。数据分析采用Pearson相关系数、逻辑回归和线性回归。
结果显示，人们对使用药用植物预防COVID-19有较高的认知和积极的态度。积极态度的最重要原因是感知到的益处，平均为75.06%。此外，一半的人行为较差。相关系数表明，药用植物的使用与感知易感性（P = 0.000，r = 0.3）、感知益处（P = 0.012，r = 0.126）、感知障碍（P = 0.000，r = 0.179）和感知自我效能感（P = 0.000，r = 0.305）有显著相关性。在预防COVID-19时，观察到感知自我效能感与草药使用之间的相关性最强。健康信念模型的构建因素可以预测预防COVID-19时药用植物使用差异的26%，其中感知自我效能感（β = 0.230）是最有力的预测因素。
基于研究结果，根据健康信念模型，自我效能感构建因素在预防COVID-19时对药用植物使用的预测作用得到了证实。因此，提高自我效能感的方法，如培训项目和提供适当的干预模式，不仅可以作为促进预防COVID-19时使用药用植物的手段，可以用于提高人们正确使用药用植物的行为。
