Silva Jesús
Valparaíso University (Chile). Correspondence to:
Torture. 2023;33(1):23-31. doi: 10.7146/torture.v33i1.130035.
Chile was under a civil-military dictatorship from 1973 to 1990. During that time, systematic violations to human rights were perpetrated. Oral and maxillo-facial trauma was not an exception, and such trauma was carried out through different methods of torture or ill treatment by agents of the State. Currently, Chile has laws and programs in the public healthcare system to carry out the re-habilitation and reparation process in victims, and the registration of the suffered injuries is considered an important part of these med-ico-legal procedures. The aim of this study is to describe and classify the type of torture or ill-treatment in the orofacial area of victims of political repression during the Chilean military dictatorship and relate them to the injuries registered in written reports.
14 reports of oral and maxillo-fa-cial injuries of tortured victims from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed, considering the alleged history of the patient, the visible effects on the oral examination, and the type of torture that was inflicted. Historical clinical records and X ray exams were analyzed when available.
6 variations of torture and ill-treat-ment that involve the maxillo-facial area were caused by agents of the State during the dic-tatorship period.
According to the patient ́s account and the clinical examination, all of the torture techniques applied caused, directly or indirectly, the loss of teeth. This resulted in not only physical problems, but psychological problems for the victims.
智利在1973年至1990年期间处于军民独裁统治之下。在那段时间里，人权遭到了系统性侵犯。口腔颌面创伤也不例外，此类创伤是由国家特工通过不同的酷刑或虐待手段实施的。目前，智利在公共医疗系统中有法律和项目来对受害者进行康复和赔偿，而对所受伤害的记录被视为这些法医学程序的重要组成部分。本研究的目的是描述和分类智利军事独裁统治期间政治镇压受害者口腔颌面部遭受的酷刑或虐待类型，并将其与书面报告中记录的损伤相关联。
分析了2016年至2020年期间14份受折磨受害者的口腔颌面损伤报告，考虑患者声称的病史、口腔检查的可见影响以及所遭受的酷刑类型。如有可用的历史临床记录和X光检查也进行了分析。
在独裁统治期间，国家特工造成了6种涉及颌面区域的酷刑和虐待变体。
根据患者的陈述和临床检查，所有施加的酷刑技术都直接或间接导致了牙齿脱落。这不仅给受害者带来了身体问题，还带来了心理问题。
