美国陆军训练环境中 SARS-CoV-2 在新兵中的传播：简要报告。
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among recruits in a US Army training environment: a brief report.
机构信息
Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.
出版信息
J Public Health (Oxf). 2023 Aug 28;45(3):748-752. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad026.
BACKGROUND
In 2020, preventive measures were implemented to mitigate the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among 600-700 recruits arriving weekly at a basic combat training (BCT) facility in the southern United States. Trainees were sorted into companies and platoons (cocoons) at arrival, tested, quarantined for 14 days with daily temperature and respiratory-symptom monitoring and retested before release into larger groups for training where symptomatic testing was conducted. Nonpharmaceutical measures, such as masking, and social distancing, were maintained throughout quarantine and BCT. We assessed for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the quarantine milieu.
METHODS
Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected at arrival and at the end of quarantine and blood specimens at both timepoints and at the end of BCT. Epidemiological characteristics were analyzed for transmission clusters identified from whole-genome sequencing of NP samples.
RESULTS
Among 1403 trainees enrolled from 25 August to 7 October 2020, epidemiological analysis identified three transmission clusters (n = 20 SARS-CoV-2 genomes) during quarantine, which spanned five different cocoons. However, SARS-CoV-2 incidence decreased from 2.7% during quarantine to 1.5% at the end of BCT; prevalence at arrival was 3.3%.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest layered SARS-CoV-2 mitigation measures implemented during quarantine minimized the risk of further transmission in BCT.
背景
2020 年，在美国南部的一个基础战斗训练（BCT）设施中，每周有 600-700 名新兵抵达，为了减轻严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的传播，采取了预防措施。新兵抵达时被分成连队和排（蚕茧），进行检测，进行 14 天的隔离，每天监测体温和呼吸道症状，并在释放到更大的训练群体进行训练前进行再次检测，在训练中进行有症状检测。在整个隔离和 BCT 期间，都采取了非药物措施，如戴口罩和保持社交距离。我们评估了隔离环境中的 SARS-CoV-2 传播情况。
方法
在抵达时和隔离结束时采集鼻咽（NP）拭子，在这两个时间点以及 BCT 结束时采集血液标本。对从 NP 样本的全基因组测序中确定的传播集群进行流行病学特征分析。
结果
在 2020 年 8 月 25 日至 10 月 7 日期间，共有 1403 名新兵入组，在隔离期间，通过流行病学分析确定了三个传播集群（20 个 SARS-CoV-2 基因组），涉及五个不同的蚕茧。然而，SARS-CoV-2 的发病率从隔离期的 2.7%下降到 BCT 结束时的 1.5%；抵达时的患病率为 3.3%。
结论
这些发现表明，在隔离期间实施的分层 SARS-CoV-2 缓解措施最大限度地降低了 BCT 中进一步传播的风险。
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