Shojaei Fahimeh, Qaraeian Pezhman, Firoozbakht Abolfazl, Chhabra Deepti, Jahangiri Katayoun
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Disaster Risk Management Office, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran.
Heliyon. 2023 Apr 20;9(5):e15599. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15599. eCollection 2023 May.
Several train accidents have occurred in Iran in the last twenty years, resulting in considerable loss of human lives. This study aims to investigate and analyze the response process and deficiencies thereof, of three responding organizations to two railway accidents in Iran.
The study was performed in 2 stages to examine the challenges faced by the first responders in the said accidents. In the first stage, a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to estimate the injuries and loss of human lives. In the second stage, qualitative description (QD) was performed. Technical reports, official documents, and interviews contributed to the sources of primary data. Study participants were members of first responders who were interviewed.
The lack of key components like coordination, information-sharing, a single unified command between responders from different organizations, a lack of relief and rescue railway train, and poor inter-organizational interactions in the deployment of relief teams, were found to be the most important challenges.
The analysis of these two accidents showed that the lack of an integrated emergency operations center (EOC) among the organizations involved in the emergency response appears to be the obvious cause of initial confusion and disruption in the response phase which caused a delay which proved fatal. Designing and developing an integrated response plan among responding organizations, preparing an information sharing network, centralized deployment of forces to the site of the accident, strengthening inter-organizational interactions in the form of an incident command system, designing, launching, and using rescue trains on rail routes and use of air emergency facilities in areas with poor accessibility can reduce mortality in future in similar kind of accidents.
在过去二十年里，伊朗发生了几起火车事故，造成了相当大的人员伤亡。本研究旨在调查和分析三个响应组织对伊朗两起铁路事故的响应过程及其不足之处。
该研究分两个阶段进行，以检验上述事故中第一响应者所面临的挑战。在第一阶段，进行了描述性统计分析，以估计人员伤亡情况。在第二阶段，进行了定性描述（QD）。技术报告、官方文件和访谈构成了主要数据来源。研究参与者是接受访谈的第一响应者成员。
发现缺乏协调、信息共享、不同组织的响应者之间缺乏单一统一指挥、缺乏救援铁路列车以及救援队伍部署中组织间互动不佳等关键要素是最重要的挑战。
对这两起事故的分析表明，参与应急响应的组织之间缺乏综合应急行动中心（EOC）似乎是响应阶段初期混乱和中断的明显原因，这导致了延误，最终证明是致命的。在响应组织之间设计和制定综合响应计划、建立信息共享网络、向事故现场集中部署力量、以事故指挥系统的形式加强组织间互动、设计、启动和使用铁路救援列车以及在交通不便地区使用空中应急设施，可以降低未来类似事故中的死亡率。
