Apte Anisha, Liechty Kenneth W, Zgheib Carlos
Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States.
Front Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 21;14:1084948. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1084948. eCollection 2023.
Normal wound healing occurs through a careful orchestration of cytokine and chemokine signaling in response to injury. Chemokines are a small family of chemotactic cytokines that are secreted by immune cells in response to injury and are primarily responsible for recruiting appropriate immune cell types to injured tissue at the appropriate time. Dysregulation of chemokine signaling is suspected to contribute to delayed wound healing and chronic wounds in diseased states. Various biomaterials are being used in the development of new therapeutics for wound healing and our understanding of their effects on chemokine signaling is limited. It has been shown that modifications to the physiochemical properties of biomaterials can affect the body's immune reaction. Studying these effects on chemokine expression by various tissues and cell type can help us develop novel biomaterial therapies. In this review, we summarize the current research available on both natural and synthetic biomaterials and their effects on chemokine signaling in wound healing. In our investigation, we conclude that our knowledge of chemokines is still limited and that many in fact share both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The predominance of either a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory profile is mostly likely dependent on timing after injury and exposure to the biomaterial. More research is needed to better understand the interaction and contribution of biomaterials to chemokine activity in wound healing and their immunomodulatory effects.
正常伤口愈合是通过对损伤做出反应时细胞因子和趋化因子信号的精心编排来实现的。趋化因子是一类小的趋化性细胞因子家族，由免疫细胞在对损伤做出反应时分泌，主要负责在适当时间将合适的免疫细胞类型招募到受伤组织。趋化因子信号失调被怀疑会导致患病状态下伤口愈合延迟和慢性伤口。各种生物材料正在被用于开发伤口愈合的新疗法，而我们对它们对趋化因子信号影响的了解有限。已经表明，生物材料物理化学性质的改变会影响机体的免疫反应。研究这些对各种组织和细胞类型趋化因子表达的影响有助于我们开发新型生物材料疗法。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于天然和合成生物材料及其在伤口愈合中对趋化因子信号影响的现有研究。在我们的调查中，我们得出结论，我们对趋化因子的了解仍然有限，事实上许多趋化因子兼具促炎和抗炎特性。促炎或抗炎特征的优势很可能取决于损伤后和接触生物材料后的时间。需要更多的研究来更好地理解生物材料在伤口愈合中与趋化因子活性的相互作用和贡献及其免疫调节作用。
