Steppuhn Henriette, Kuhnert Ronny, Scheidt-Nave Christa
Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin.
J Health Monit. 2017 Oct 9;2(3):34-42. doi: 10.17886/RKI-GBE-2017-064. eCollection 2017 Oct.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways affecting people of all ages. The disease is characterised by a variable narrowing of the bronchia, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as wheezing or shortness of breath. In GEDA 2014/2015-EHIS, 6.2% of respondents aged 18 years or older with complete information on the respective indicator (n=22,671) reported having had asthma during the past 12 months. The 12-month prevalence among women (7.1%) is higher than among men (5.4%). Overall, women and men with a low level of education more often reported having had asthma than those with a higher level of education. In analyses stratified by age and gender, differences in asthma prevalence with regard to educational level are evident among women under 30 years of age. In a comparison of federal states, the prevalence of asthma ranges from 3.0% to 9.7% among women and from 2.9% to 7.0% among men.
哮喘是一种影响所有年龄段人群的气道慢性炎症性疾病。该疾病的特征是支气管出现可变窄，可能伴有喘息或呼吸急促等症状。在2014/2015年德国健康访谈与检查调查（GEDA）-德国健康保险调查（EHIS）中，在各自指标信息完整的18岁及以上受访者中（n = 22,671），6.2%报告在过去12个月内患有哮喘。女性的12个月患病率（7.1%）高于男性（5.4%）。总体而言, 教育程度低的女性和男性比教育程度高的人更常报告患有哮喘。在按年龄和性别分层的分析中，30岁以下女性中哮喘患病率在教育程度方面的差异明显。在联邦州的比较中，女性哮喘患病率在3.0%至9.7%之间，男性在2.9%至7.0%之间。
