NRC Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115522 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Immunology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 16;24(10):8867. doi: 10.3390/ijms24108867.
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the scientific community has focused on prophylactic vaccine development. In parallel, the experience of the pharmacotherapy of this disease has increased. Due to the declining protective capacity of vaccines against new strains, as well as increased knowledge about the structure and biology of the pathogen, control of the disease has shifted to the focus of antiviral drug development over the past year. Clinical data on safety and efficacy of antivirals acting at various stages of the virus life cycle has been published. In this review, we summarize mechanisms and clinical efficacy of antiviral therapy of COVID-19 with drugs based on plasma of convalescents, monoclonal antibodies, interferons, fusion inhibitors, nucleoside analogs, and protease inhibitors. The current status of the drugs described is also summarized in relation to the official clinical guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, here we describe innovative drugs whose antiviral effect is provided by antisense oligonucleotides targeting the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Analysis of laboratory and clinical data suggests that current antivirals successfully combat broad spectra of emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2 providing reliable defense against COVID-19.
自 COVID-19 大流行开始以来，科学界一直专注于预防性疫苗的开发。与此同时，这种疾病的药物治疗经验也在增加。由于疫苗对新菌株的保护能力下降，以及对病原体结构和生物学的了解增加，过去一年来，疾病的控制已转向专注于开发抗病毒药物。已经发表了关于在病毒生命周期的各个阶段发挥作用的抗病毒药物的安全性和疗效的临床数据。在这篇综述中，我们总结了基于恢复期血浆、单克隆抗体、干扰素、融合抑制剂、核苷类似物和蛋白酶抑制剂的抗病毒治疗 COVID-19 的机制和临床疗效。还根据 COVID-19 的治疗官方临床指南总结了所描述药物的现状。此外，我们在这里还描述了通过针对 SARS-CoV-2 基因组的反义寡核苷酸提供抗病毒作用的创新药物。实验室和临床数据分析表明，目前的抗病毒药物成功地对抗广泛的 SARS-CoV-2 新兴菌株，为 COVID-19 提供可靠的防御。
