Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago.
J Fam Psychol. 2023 Oct;37(7):955-965. doi: 10.1037/fam0001119. Epub 2023 May 29.
There is a dearth of research examining the relation between culture and childhood self-regulation in family psychology. Family orientation refers to the emphasis on providing support, respect, and obligation to the family system, and it is important for children's functioning, yet existing literature on related constructs often relies on parent-reported measures. Additionally, twin research has neglected the role of culture in the genetic and environmental contributions to children's self-regulation. Using observational and self-reported data from children, parents, and teachers, this study (a) proposed novel coding schemes and factor analytic approaches to capture family orientation, (b) examined associations between family orientation and self-regulation, and (c) tested whether family orientation moderated the heritability of self-regulation in middle childhood. Twin children ( = 710; = 8.38 years, = 0.66; 49.1% female; 28.3% Hispanic/Latino/x, 58.5% White) were drawn from the Arizona Twin Project, which recruited children from birth records at 12 months of age. Family orientation values were indexed by parent-reported familism, and family orientation behaviors comprised coded measures of children's family orientation and experimenter ratings of caregiver and child behavior. Self-regulation was assessed using multiple task-based assessments of executive function and parent- and teacher-reported effortful control. Net of covariates, higher family orientation behaviors positively predicted nearly all measures of children's self-regulation, and associations were consistent across sex, family socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity. There was no evidence that family orientation values nor behaviors moderated the heritability of children's self-regulation. This study highlights the complex nature of cultural variation within the family and its importance for children's self-regulatory abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
家庭心理学中，关于文化与儿童自我调节关系的研究甚少。家庭取向是指对家庭系统提供支持、尊重和义务的重视，这对儿童的功能很重要，但现有相关结构的文献往往依赖于父母报告的测量。此外，双胞胎研究忽视了文化在儿童自我调节的遗传和环境贡献中的作用。本研究使用儿童、父母和教师的观察和自我报告数据：(a)提出了新的编码方案和因子分析方法来捕捉家庭取向；(b)检验了家庭取向与自我调节之间的关联；(c)检验了家庭取向是否调节了儿童中期自我调节的遗传性。双胞胎儿童（=710；年龄=8.38 岁，=0.66；49.1%为女性；28.3%为西班牙裔/拉丁裔/x，58.5%为白人）来自亚利桑那双胞胎项目，该项目从 12 个月大的儿童出生记录中招募儿童。家庭取向价值观通过父母报告的家族主义来衡量，家庭取向行为包括儿童家庭取向的编码测量和照顾者和儿童行为的实验者评分。自我调节通过多项基于任务的执行功能评估以及父母和教师报告的努力控制来评估。在控制了协变量后，较高的家庭取向行为正向预测了儿童自我调节的几乎所有指标，且关联在性别、家庭社会经济地位和种族/民族之间一致。没有证据表明家庭取向价值观或行为调节了儿童自我调节的遗传性。本研究强调了家庭内部文化变异的复杂性及其对儿童自我调节能力的重要性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
