Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia.
Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
BMC Pediatr. 2023 Jun 2;23(1):276. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-04080-4.
Stunting is a syndrome that begins at conception and leads to severe, irreversible physiological, physical and cognitive damage as an irreversible consequence of nutritional deficiencies and recurrent infections. Although multiple studies have been conducted in Ethiopia to show the magnitude of stunting and factors, all are concentrated on children aged between 6 to 59 months. Therefore, this study was done to determine the prevalence and associated factors of stunting at birth among new-borns.
A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed on 512 neonates in Shebadino Woreda, Sidama Region South Ethiopia 2022. A multistage sampling technique was employed. The data was collected door-to-door using pretested and structured questionnaires, through face-to-face interviews. The collected data were cleaned manually, coded, entered into Epidata version 4.6, and exported to SPSS version 26 software for analysis. Bi-variable analysis was conducted to assess the association of independent variables with the outcome variable. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in bi-variable logistic regression were further analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was used as a measure of association, and variables that had a p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression were considered as significantly associated variables.
The prevalence of stunting in this study was 27.5%: 95% CI 22.6 to 31.9. Factors such as residence (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.49, 11.25), ANC follow up (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.34, 5.27), started taking Amessa (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI: 1.27, 9.55) and Sex of the neonate (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.54, 5.23) were significantly associated with stunting at a p-value of < 0.05.
About 27% of neonates were stunted, which implies, it require a quick public health measurement. New-born who were live in rural area and those who were started traditional medication (Amessa) were more stunted. Besides this, stunting was prevalently observed among a mother who had no ANC follow-up and male neonates. Thus, the regional health bureau and Shebedino woreda health office should increase awareness creation to bring behavioural change at community level to prevent traditional medication usage, ANC follow-up and giving priority for those who live in rural area.
发育迟缓是一种始于受孕的综合征，会导致严重的、不可逆转的生理、身体和认知损伤，这是营养缺乏和反复感染的不可逆转后果。尽管埃塞俄比亚已经进行了多项研究来显示发育迟缓的程度和相关因素，但所有研究都集中在 6 至 59 个月的儿童身上。因此，本研究旨在确定新生儿出生时发育迟缓的患病率及其相关因素。
本研究采用 2022 年在埃塞俄比亚南部锡达马地区谢巴迪诺区进行的基于社区的横断面研究设计。采用多阶段抽样技术。通过面对面访谈，使用经过预测试和结构化的问卷进行逐户数据收集。收集的数据手动清理、编码、输入到 Epidata 版本 4.6，并导出到 SPSS 版本 26 软件进行分析。进行双变量分析以评估独立变量与结果变量之间的关联。双变量逻辑回归中 p 值<0.25 的变量进一步使用多变量逻辑回归进行分析。用优势比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）来衡量关联，多变量逻辑回归中 p 值<0.05 的变量被认为是显著相关的变量。
本研究中发育迟缓的患病率为 27.5%：95%CI 22.6 至 31.9。居住地（AOR=4.1，95%CI：1.49，11.25）、ANC 随访（AOR=2.66，95%CI：1.34，5.27）、开始服用 Amessa（AOR=3.48，95%CI：1.27，9.55）和新生儿性别（AOR=2.15，95%CI：1.54，5.23）等因素与发育迟缓显著相关，p 值均<0.05。
约 27%的新生儿发育迟缓，这表明需要采取快速的公共卫生措施。居住在农村地区和开始服用传统药物（Amessa）的新生儿更容易发育迟缓。此外，在没有 ANC 随访的母亲和男婴中，发育迟缓更为普遍。因此，地区卫生局和谢巴迪诺区卫生局应加强宣传，在社区层面推动行为改变，以防止使用传统药物、进行 ANC 随访，并优先考虑居住在农村地区的人群。
