School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, University of Hawassa, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
J Nutr Sci. 2022 May 5;11:e33. doi: 10.1017/jns.2022.29. eCollection 2022.
Undernutrition in children is a challenging problem in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Stunting is the most prevalent form of undernutrition. The majority of studies on childhood stunting and its associated factors focused on children, maternal and socioeconomic components. However, a few studies reported poor WaSH status and antibiotic exposure as environmental risk factors for child stunting, and the case of socio-demographic factors also lacks consistency. Concerning this, there is a lack of information in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study assessed the association of socio-demographic, WaSH, and antibiotic exposure with stunting among under-five children. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 340 mother-child pairs. Anthropometric data were collected using standard and calibrated height and weight scales. For factorial data, an interviewer-guided standard questionnaire was used. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors determining childhood stunting. In the present study, the prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was 14⋅7 % (95 % CI 10⋅9, 18⋅5), 4⋅4 % (95 % CI 2⋅4, 6⋅8) and 2⋅1 % (95 % CI 0⋅6, 3⋅5), respectively. Low dietary diversity, being born from a mother with an education level of secondary school, and belonging to a female-headed household were positively associated ( < 0⋅05) with stunting. The prevalence of overall undernutrition was lower (21⋅2 %) in the study area. Stunting was significantly associated with dietary diversity, maternal educational level and sex of households head. The government policy should focus on enhancing the dietary diversity of households, and encouraging women's education.
儿童营养不良是包括埃塞俄比亚在内的发展中国家面临的一个挑战问题。发育迟缓是最普遍的营养不良形式。大多数关于儿童发育迟缓及其相关因素的研究都集中在儿童、产妇和社会经济因素上。然而，有一些研究报告指出，卫生和环境卫生条件差以及抗生素暴露是儿童发育迟缓的环境风险因素，社会人口因素的情况也缺乏一致性。关于这一点，埃塞俄比亚缺乏信息。因此，本研究评估了社会人口、卫生和环境卫生以及抗生素暴露与五岁以下儿童发育迟缓的关联。进行了一项横断面研究，涉及 340 对母婴对。使用标准和校准的身高和体重秤收集人体测量数据。对于因子数据，使用访谈者指导的标准问卷。使用逻辑回归分析来确定决定儿童发育迟缓的因素。在本研究中，发育迟缓、消瘦和消瘦的患病率分别为 14.7%（95%CI 10.9%，18.5%）、4.4%（95%CI 2.4%，6.8%）和 2.1%（95%CI 0.6%，3.5%）。低饮食多样性、母亲受教育程度为中学以及女性为户主与发育迟缓呈正相关（<0.05）。该地区总的营养不良患病率较低（21.2%）。发育迟缓与饮食多样性、产妇教育程度和家庭户主性别显著相关。政府政策应侧重于提高家庭的饮食多样性，并鼓励妇女接受教育。
