Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Healthc Eng. 2023 May 30;2023:8171057. doi: 10.1155/2023/8171057. eCollection 2023.
Cardiac diseases have grown significantly in recent years, causing many deaths globally. Cardiac diseases can impose a significant economic burden on societies. The development of virtual reality technology has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the applications and effects of virtual reality (VR) technology on cardiac diseases.
A comprehensive search was carried out in four databases, including Scopus, Medline (through PubMed), Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore to identify related articles published until May 25, 2022. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guideline for systematic reviews was followed. All randomized trials that investigated the effects of virtual reality on cardiac diseases were included in this systematic review.
Twenty-six studies were included in this systematic review. The results illustrated that virtual reality applications in cardiac diseases can be classified in three categories of physical rehabilitation, psychological rehabilitation, and education/training. This study revealed that the use of virtual reality in psychological and physical rehabilitation can reduce stress, emotional tension, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) total score, anxiety, depression, pain, systolic blood pressure, and length of hospitalization. Finally, the use of virtual reality in education/training can enhance technical performance, increase the speed of procedures, and improve the user's skills, level of knowledge, and self-confidence as well as facilitate learning. Also, the most limitations mentioned in the studies included small sample size and lack of or short duration of follow-up.
The results showed that the positive effects of using virtual reality in cardiac diseases are much more than its negative effects. Considering that the most limitations mentioned in the studies were the small sample size and short duration of follow-up, it is necessary to conduct studies with adequate methodological quality to report their effects in the short term and long term.
近年来，心脏病的发病率显著上升，在全球范围内造成了许多死亡。心脏病会给社会带来巨大的经济负担。虚拟现实技术的发展近年来引起了许多研究人员的关注。本研究旨在探讨虚拟现实（VR）技术在心脏病中的应用和效果。
在 Scopus、Medline（通过 PubMed）、Web of Science 和 IEEE Xplore 这四个数据库中进行了全面检索，以确定截至 2022 年 5 月 25 日发表的相关文章。本系统评价遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。所有研究虚拟现实对心脏病影响的随机试验均纳入本系统评价。
本系统评价共纳入 26 项研究。结果表明，心脏病中的虚拟现实应用可分为身体康复、心理康复和教育/培训三个类别。本研究表明，虚拟现实在心理和身体康复中的应用可以减轻压力、情绪紧张、医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）总分、焦虑、抑郁、疼痛、收缩压和住院时间。最后，虚拟现实在教育/培训中的应用可以提高技术性能、加快手术速度、提高用户的技能、知识水平和自信心，并有助于学习。此外，研究中提到的最主要限制因素包括样本量小和缺乏或随访时间短。
结果表明，虚拟现实在心脏病中的应用效果明显多于其负面效果。鉴于研究中提到的最主要限制因素是样本量小和随访时间短，有必要进行方法学质量足够的研究，以报告其短期和长期效果。
