Dos Santos Cristiane, Franco Octávio Luiz
S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil.
Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jun 5;12(11):2226. doi: 10.3390/plants12112226.
Throughout evolution, plants have developed a highly complex defense system against different threats, including phytopathogens. Plant defense depends on constitutive and induced factors combined as defense mechanisms. These mechanisms involve a complex signaling network linking structural and biochemical defense. Antimicrobial and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are examples of this mechanism, which can accumulate extra- and intracellular space after infection. However, despite their name, some PR proteins are present at low levels even in healthy plant tissues. When they face a pathogen, these PRs can increase in abundance, acting as the first line of plant defense. Thus, PRs play a key role in early defense events, which can reduce the damage and mortality caused by pathogens. In this context, the present review will discuss defense response proteins, which have been identified as PRs, with enzymatic action, including constitutive enzymes, β-1,3 glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase and ribonucleases. From the technological perspective, we discuss the advances of the last decade applied to the study of these enzymes, which are important in the early events of higher plant defense against phytopathogens.
在整个进化过程中，植物已经发展出一种高度复杂的防御系统来抵御包括植物病原体在内的各种威胁。植物防御依赖于作为防御机制结合在一起的组成型和诱导型因素。这些机制涉及一个连接结构防御和生化防御的复杂信号网络。抗菌和病程相关（PR）蛋白就是这种机制的例子，它们在感染后可在细胞外和细胞内空间积累。然而，尽管它们被称为病程相关蛋白，但即使在健康的植物组织中，一些PR蛋白的含量也很低。当它们面对病原体时，这些PR蛋白的丰度会增加，作为植物防御的第一道防线。因此，PR蛋白在早期防御事件中起关键作用，这可以减少病原体造成的损害和死亡率。在此背景下，本综述将讨论已被鉴定为PR蛋白的具有酶促作用的防御反应蛋白，包括组成型酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶、过氧化物酶和核糖核酸酶。从技术角度来看，我们将讨论过去十年应用于这些酶研究的进展，这些酶在高等植物抵御植物病原体的早期事件中很重要。
