Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 3;15(11):2625. doi: 10.3390/nu15112625.
Sarcopenia is characterized by an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function and has been recognized as a clinical disease by the World Health Organization since 2016. Substantial evidence has suggested that dietary modification can be a feasible tool to combat sarcopenia. Among various natural dietary ingredients, the present study focused on botanical and marine extracts, phytochemicals, and probiotics. Aims of this review were (1) to provide basic concepts including the definition, diagnosis, prevalence, and adverse effects of sarcopenia, (2) to describe possible pathological mechanisms including protein homeostasis imbalance, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and satellite cells dysfunction, and (3) to analyze recent experimental studies reporting potential biological functions against sarcopenia. A recent literature review for dietary ingredients demonstrated that protein homeostasis is maintained via an increase in the PI3K/Akt pathway and/or a decrease in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Regulation of inflammation has primarily targeted inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Elevated Pgc-1α or Pax7 expression reverses mitochondrial or satellite cell dysfunction. This review provides the current knowledge on dietary components with the potential to assist sarcopenia prevention and/or treatment. Further in-depth studies are required to elucidate the role of and develop various dietary materials for healthier aging, particularly concerning muscle health.
肌肉减少症的特征是与年龄相关的骨骼肌质量和功能丧失，自 2016 年以来，世界卫生组织已将其确认为一种临床疾病。大量证据表明，饮食改变可能是对抗肌肉减少症的一种可行手段。在各种天然饮食成分中，本研究关注植物和海洋提取物、植物化学物质和益生菌。本综述的目的是：(1)提供基本概念，包括肌肉减少症的定义、诊断、流行率和不良反应；(2)描述可能的病理机制，包括蛋白质平衡失衡、炎症、线粒体功能障碍和卫星细胞功能障碍；(3)分析最近报道具有对抗肌肉减少症潜在生物学功能的实验研究。最近对饮食成分的文献综述表明，蛋白质平衡是通过增加 PI3K/Akt 途径和/或减少泛素-蛋白酶体系统来维持的。炎症的调节主要针对抑制 NF-κB 信号。升高的 Pgc-1α 或 Pax7 表达可逆转线粒体或卫星细胞功能障碍。本综述提供了具有辅助肌肉减少症预防和/或治疗潜力的饮食成分的最新知识。需要进一步深入研究来阐明各种饮食材料的作用，并开发用于更健康衰老的饮食材料，特别是关于肌肉健康。
