埃塞俄比亚东北部瓦赫米拉地区牧民社区有症状和无症状疟疾的流行情况及其决定因素：一项基于社区的横断面研究。
Symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria prevalence and its determinant factors in pastoral communities of Waghemira Zone, Northeast Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Debash Habtu, Tesfaw Gebru, Ebrahim Hussen, Shibabaw Agumas, Melese Yimer, Tilahun Mihret, Alemayehu Ermiyas, Mohammed Ousman, Tesfaye Melkam, Abate Mengistu
机构信息
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Wollo University Dessie Ethiopia.
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Wollo University Dessie Ethiopia.
出版信息
Health Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 7;6(6):e1336. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1336. eCollection 2023 Jun.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Malaria elimination programs have also encountered numerous challenges, such as widespread asymptomatic carriers in endemic areas, which should be taken into account in malaria-control programs for effective transmission interruption. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria infections and associated factors, in pastoral communities.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among selected districts in the Waghemra Zone, Northeast Ethiopia, from September to December 2022. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect sociodemographic data and associated risk factors. species were detected using light microscopy and a rapid diagnostic test. Data entry and analysis were carried out using SPSS version 26 software. The association between dependent and independent variables was explored by using multivariable logistic regression analyses. A statistically significant association was declared at a -value of <0.05.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of malaria was 21.2% (134/633), with the predominant infections accounting for 67.8% (87/134). Among asymptomatic participants, 7.5% (34/451) and 10.2% (46/451) were diagnosed by rapid diagnostic test and light microscopy, respectively. On the other hand, the prevalence of symptomatic malaria was 44.5% (81/182) and 48.4% (88/182) as diagnosed by rapid diagnostic test and light microscopy, respectively. The presence of stagnant water near the houses, the utilization of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, the number of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, and outdoor stays at night were all positively linked with the prevalence of malaria.
CONCLUSIONS
The overall prevalence estimate for symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria was high. Malaria is still a public health problem in the study area. Malaria infection was associated with the presence of stagnant water near the houses, the utilization of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, the number of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, and outdoor stays at night. Improved access to all malaria interventions is needed to interrupt the transmission at the community level.
背景与目的
疟疾消除计划也面临诸多挑战，如流行地区存在大量无症状携带者，在疟疾控制计划中应考虑这些因素以有效阻断传播。本研究的目的是确定牧民社区有症状和无症状疟疾感染的患病率及相关因素。
方法
2022年9月至12月，在埃塞俄比亚东北部瓦格姆拉地区的选定地区开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用结构化问卷收集社会人口学数据及相关危险因素。通过光学显微镜和快速诊断检测来检测疟原虫种类。使用SPSS 26版软件进行数据录入和分析。通过多变量逻辑回归分析探讨因变量和自变量之间的关联。当P值<0.05时，宣布存在统计学显著关联。
结果
疟疾的总体患病率为21.2%（134/633），其中主要的疟原虫感染占67.8%（87/134）。在无症状参与者中，分别有7.5%（34/451）和10.2%（46/451）通过快速诊断检测和光学显微镜被诊断出感染。另一方面，快速诊断检测和光学显微镜诊断出的有症状疟疾患病率分别为44.5%（81/182）和48.4%（88/182）。房屋附近存在积水、使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐、经杀虫剂处理蚊帐的数量以及夜间户外停留均与疟疾患病率呈正相关。
结论
有症状和无症状疟疾的总体患病率估计较高。在研究地区，疟疾仍是一个公共卫生问题。疟疾感染与房屋附近存在积水、使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐、经杀虫剂处理蚊帐的数量以及夜间户外停留有关。需要改善所有疟疾干预措施的可及性，以在社区层面阻断传播。
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