Holton M Jan, Snodgrass Jill L
Duke Divinity School, Duke University, Box 90965, Durham, NC 27708-0965 United States of America.
Loyola University Maryland, 4501 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21210 United States of America.
Pastoral Psychol. 2023;72(3):337-351. doi: 10.1007/s11089-023-01063-1. Epub 2023 Apr 6.
Racism, eco-violence, and myriad sociopolitical and interpersonal injustices continuously injure individuals, communities, and the globe, thereby challenging the human capacity to endure. The prevailing biomedical model of trauma, with its emphasis on pathology, fails to acknowledge the traumatic nature of these diffuse and pervasive injuries. The disciplines of spiritual and pastoral psychology are uniquely poised to reconceptualize trauma and reframe it as part of a stress-trauma continuum, given the way trauma can engender great suffering as well as resistance and the possibility of transformation. This perspective eschews the sentiment, ubiquitous in popular culture, that everything stressful is traumatic as well as the notion that "true" trauma is delimited by the (DSM-5-TR). This article posits a strength-based approach to trauma that contextualizes our societal negativity bias within spiritual values of hope, (post-traumatic) growth, and (possibly) resilience while not diminishing the very real suffering, even despair, that emerge from trauma of all kinds.
种族主义、生态暴力以及无数社会政治和人际间的不公正持续伤害着个人、社区乃至全球，从而挑战着人类的承受能力。当前盛行的生物医学创伤模型，因其对病理学的强调，未能认识到这些广泛而普遍的伤害的创伤本质。鉴于创伤既能引发巨大痛苦，也能带来抵抗力和转变的可能性，精神与宗教心理学学科处于独特地位，能够重新概念化创伤，并将其重新界定为压力 - 创伤连续体的一部分。这种观点摒弃了流行文化中普遍存在的一种观点，即所有有压力的事情都是创伤性的，以及“真正的”创伤由《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版修订本（DSM - 5 - TR）界定的观念。本文提出一种基于优势的创伤应对方法，该方法将我们社会中的消极偏见置于希望、（创伤后）成长以及（可能的）恢复力等精神价值的背景下，同时不忽视各种创伤所带来的真实痛苦，甚至绝望。
