Chung-Ang University, Red Cross College of Nursing, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Nursing, Kyung-In Women's University, Incheon, South Korea.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2023 Sep;48(3):259-274. doi: 10.1007/s10484-023-09593-3. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) encompasses various psychological symptoms and a high early dropout rate due to treatment unresponsiveness. In recent years, neurofeedback has been implemented to control PTSD's psychological symptoms through physiological brain regulation. However, a comprehensive analysis concerning its efficacy is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine neurofeedback's effect on reducing PTSD symptoms. We analyzed randomized and non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 1990 to July 2020, evaluating neurofeedback treatments for those diagnosed with PTSD and their symptoms. In addition, we calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD)using random-effects models to estimate effect sizes. We assessed ten articles comprising 276 participants, with a - 0.74 SMD (95% confidence interval = - 0.9230, - 0.5567), 42% I, moderate effect size, and - 1.40 to -0.08 prediction intervals (PI). Neurofeedback was more effective for complex trauma PTSD patients than single trauma. Increasing and lengthening sessions are more effective than fewer, condensed ones. Neurofeedback positively affected arousal, anxiety, depression, and intrusive, numbing, and suicidal thoughts. Therefore, neurofeedback is a promising and effective treatment for complex PTSD.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）包括各种心理症状，由于治疗无反应，导致早期辍学率较高。近年来，神经反馈已被用于通过生理大脑调节来控制 PTSD 的心理症状。然而，缺乏对其疗效的全面分析。因此，我们进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，以确定神经反馈对减轻 PTSD 症状的影响。我们分析了 1990 年至 2020 年 7 月的随机和非随机对照试验（RCT），评估了针对 PTSD 及其症状的神经反馈治疗。此外，我们使用随机效应模型计算了标准化均数差（SMD），以估计效应大小。我们评估了包含 276 名参与者的十篇文章，其 SMD 为-0.74（95%置信区间=-0.9230，-0.5567），I2 为 42%，中等效应大小，预测区间（PI）为-1.40 至-0.08。神经反馈对复杂创伤后应激障碍患者比单一创伤更有效。增加和延长疗程比减少和缩短疗程更有效。神经反馈对唤醒、焦虑、抑郁以及侵入性、麻木和自杀念头产生积极影响。因此，神经反馈是治疗复杂 PTSD 的一种有前途且有效的方法。
