Economou Alexandra, Kontos John
Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Department of History and Philosophy of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 May 31;14:1137792. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1137792. eCollection 2023.
Testamentary capacity (TC), a set of capacities involved in making a valid Will, has become prominent in capacity evaluations due to the demographic increase in older persons and associated increase in cognitive impairment. The assessment of contemporaneous TC follows the criteria derived from the Banks v Goodfellow case, which do not bind capacity solely on the basis of presence of a cognitive disorder. Although effort is being made for establishing more objective criteria for TC judgment, variations in situational complexity call for incorporating the different circumstances of the testator in capacity assessment. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as statistical machine learning have been used in forensic psychiatry mainly for the prediction of aggressive behavior and recidivism but little has been done in the area of capacity assessment. However, the statistical machine learning model responses are difficult to interpret and explain, which presents problems with regard to the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union. In this Perspective we present a framework for an AI decision support tool for TC assessment. The framework is based on AI decision support and explainable AI (XAI) technology.
遗嘱能力（TC）是一套与订立有效遗嘱相关的能力，由于老年人人口增长以及认知障碍相关情况的增加，它在能力评估中变得日益突出。对同时期遗嘱能力的评估遵循源自“班克斯诉古德费洛案”的标准，这些标准并非仅基于认知障碍的存在来判定能力。尽管人们正在努力为遗嘱能力判断建立更客观的标准，但情境复杂性的差异要求在能力评估中纳入立遗嘱人的不同情况。诸如统计机器学习等人工智能（AI）技术在法医精神病学中主要用于预测攻击行为和再犯情况，但在能力评估领域所做的工作很少。然而，统计机器学习模型的反应难以解释，这在欧盟新的《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）方面带来了问题。在本观点文章中，我们提出了一个用于遗嘱能力评估的人工智能决策支持工具框架。该框架基于人工智能决策支持和可解释人工智能（XAI）技术。
