Ali Fatema Ahmed, Jassim Ghufran, Khalaf Zahra, Yusuf Manaf, Ali Sara, Husain Nada, Ebrahim Fatema
Department of Internal Medicine, South West Acute Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, UK.
Family Medicine Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI Bahrain), Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain.
Int J Gen Med. 2023 Jun 12;16:2393-2403. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S408706. eCollection 2023.
This study aims to explore the prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia and their impact on COVID-19 patients.
This is a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 1st October 2020 and 30th June 2021 were randomly selected from a national COVID-19 registry. COVID-19 cases were diagnosed using molecular testing method which measured the viral E gene. The Anosmia Reporting Tool, and a brief version of the questionnaire on olfactory disorders were used to measure the outcomes via telephone interviews. Data were analysed using SPSS 27 statistics software.
A total of 405 COVID-19 adults were included in this study, 220 (54.3%) were males and 185 (45.8%) were females. The mean±SD age of participants was 38.2 ± 11.3 years. Alterations in the sense of smell and taste were reported by 206 (50.9%), and 195 (48.1%) of the patients, respectively. Sex and nationality of participants were significantly associated with anosmia and dysgeusia (p < 0.001) and (p-value=0.001) respectively. Among patients who experienced anosmia and dysgeusia, alterations in eating habits (64.2%), impact on mental wellbeing (38.9%), concerns that the alterations were permanent (35.4%), and physical implications and difficulty performing activities of daily living (34%) were reported.
Anosmia and dysgeusia are prevalent symptoms of COVID-19 disease, especially among females. Although transient, anosmia and dysgeusia had considerable impact on patient's life. Neuropsychological implications of COVID-19 in acute infection phase and prognosis of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19 are areas for further exploration.
本研究旨在探讨嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍的患病率及其对新冠肺炎患者的影响。
这是一项横断面研究。从国家新冠肺炎登记处随机选取2020年10月1日至2021年6月30日期间被诊断为新冠肺炎的患者。采用检测病毒E基因的分子检测方法诊断新冠肺炎病例。通过电话访谈，使用嗅觉丧失报告工具和嗅觉障碍问卷简版来测量结果。使用SPSS 27统计软件进行数据分析。
本研究共纳入405名成年新冠肺炎患者，其中男性220名（54.3%），女性185名（45.8%）。参与者的平均年龄±标准差为38.2±11.3岁。分别有206名（50.9%）和195名（48.1%）患者报告嗅觉和味觉发生改变。参与者的性别和国籍分别与嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍显著相关（p<0.001）和（p值=0.001）。在经历嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍的患者中，报告了饮食习惯改变（64.2%）、对心理健康的影响（38.9%）、担心这些改变是永久性的（35.4%）以及身体影响和日常生活活动困难（34%）。
嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍是新冠肺炎的常见症状，尤其是在女性中。尽管是短暂的，但嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍对患者的生活有相当大的影响。新冠肺炎在急性感染期的神经心理学影响以及新冠肺炎中嗅觉丧失和味觉障碍的预后是有待进一步探索的领域。
