School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210046, China.
Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
J Physiol Biochem. 2023 Aug;79(3):501-510. doi: 10.1007/s13105-023-00969-x. Epub 2023 Jun 20.
Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles that contain biological macromolecules such as RNAs and proteins. It plays an essential role in physiological and pathological processes as carrier of biologically active substances and new mediator of intercellular communication. It has been reported that myokines secreted by the skeletal muscle are wrapped in small vesicles (e.g., exosomes), secreted into the circulation, and then regulate the receptor cells. This review discussed the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, lipids, and other cargoes carried by skeletal muscle-derived exosomes (SkMCs-Exs) on the body and their effects on pathological states, including injury atrophy, aging, and vascular porosis. We also discussed the role of exercise in regulating skeletal muscle-derived exosomes and its physiological significance.
外泌体是含有生物大分子（如 RNA 和蛋白质）的细胞外膜囊泡。作为生物活性物质的载体和细胞间通讯的新介质，它在生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。据报道，骨骼肌分泌的肌因子被包裹在小囊泡（如外泌体）中，分泌到循环中，然后调节受体细胞。本综述讨论了骨骼肌来源的外泌体（SkMCs-Exs）携带的 microRNAs（miRNAs）、蛋白质、脂质和其他 cargo 的调节作用及其对病理状态的影响，包括损伤萎缩、衰老和血管多孔性。我们还讨论了运动在调节骨骼肌来源的外泌体中的作用及其生理意义。
