手语和口语表达中创造性语言手段的发展。

Development of creative language devices in signed and oral production.

作者信息

Marschark M, West S A, Nall L, Everhart V

出版信息

J Exp Child Psychol. 1986 Jun;41(3):534-50. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(86)90008-1.

Abstract

The development of linguistic and cognitive flexibility was examined by evaluating nonliteral language use by 20 deaf and 20 hearing children aged 7;11 to 15;0 years. Each subject was videotaped telling stories on two experimenter-supplied themes. Deaf subjects' stories were translated and transcripts for both samples were scored for gesture, pantomime, linguistic modifications, and inventions as well as novel and frozen trope. Results indicated deaf children produced just as much figurative language in sign language as their matched hearing age-mates did in English. Deaf subjects exceeded their hearing peers in other types of creative productions. They also evidenced a "literal period" in language development, comparable to hearing children but delayed approximately 4 years. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding both language and cognitive flexibilities of deaf children.

摘要

通过评估20名年龄在7岁11个月至15岁的失聪儿童和20名听力正常儿童的非字面语言使用情况，对语言和认知灵活性的发展进行了研究。每个受试者都被录像，讲述由实验者提供的两个主题的故事。对失聪受试者的故事进行了翻译，并对两个样本的文字记录进行了评分，评估内容包括手势、哑剧、语言修饰、创新以及新颖和固定的比喻手法。结果表明，失聪儿童在使用手语时产生的比喻性语言与听力年龄匹配的同龄儿童在使用英语时产生的一样多。在其他类型的创造性表达方面，失聪受试者超过了听力正常的同龄人。他们在语言发展中也表现出一个“字面阶段”，这与听力正常的儿童类似，但大约延迟了4年。将根据这些发现对理解失聪儿童的语言和认知灵活性的意义进行讨论。