Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Department of Material Science and Engineering, Institute of Polymeric Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2023 Jul 10;9(7):4149-4167. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00406. Epub 2023 Jun 23.
This study aimed to develop three-dimensional (3D)-printed hydrogels containing phytotherapeutic agents as multifunctional wound dressings. In this regard, 3D-printed sodium alginate (ALG)-xanthan gum (XAN) hydrogels incorporated with different clove essential oil (CLV) concentrations were produced by the extrusion-based 3D-printing technology. Rheology measurements, filament fusion, and filament collapse analyses indicated that XAN's blending overcame the challenges associated with ALG's printability and shape fidelity. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra and total phenolic content assay confirmed the presence of CLV in the 3D-printed hydrogels. Additionally, the releasing profile showed that CLV exhibited long-term release for up to 28 days. Furthermore, the incorporation of CLV increased 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging while reducing the and relative bacterial viability; thereby, the CLV incorporation enhanced the 3D-printed ALG-XAN hydrogel antioxidant and antibacterial activity. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using Raw 264.7 macrophage-like cells, and the results demonstrated that CLV reduced nitric oxide (NO) concentration in medium, indicating a potential anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity results showed that the incorporation of CLV has no toxic effect on NHDF cells, whereas the proliferation of NHDF cells exhibited a dose-dependent response. In conclusion, the present study shows not only the development of a new ALG-XAN biomaterial ink but also the potential benefit of natural phytotherapeutics incorporated into 3D-printed hydrogels as a multifunctional wound dressing.
本研究旨在开发含有植物治疗剂的三维（3D）打印水凝胶，作为多功能伤口敷料。为此，通过基于挤出的 3D 打印技术制备了含有不同丁香油（CLV）浓度的 3D 打印海藻酸钠（ALG）-黄原胶（XAN）水凝胶。流变学测量、丝材融合和丝材塌陷分析表明，XAN 的混合克服了 ALG 可打印性和形状保真度方面的挑战。衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外（ATR-FTIR）光谱和总酚含量测定证实了 3D 打印水凝胶中存在 CLV。此外，释放曲线表明 CLV 可长达 28 天持续释放。此外，CLV 的掺入增加了 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼基（DPPH）自由基清除能力，同时降低了 和 相对细菌活力；因此，CLV 的掺入增强了 3D 打印 ALG-XAN 水凝胶的抗氧化和抗菌活性。此外，使用 Raw 264.7 巨噬细胞样细胞评估了抗炎活性，结果表明 CLV 降低了培养基中一氧化氮（NO）的浓度，表明其具有潜在的抗炎作用。此外，体外细胞毒性结果表明，CLV 的掺入对 NHDF 细胞没有毒性作用，而 NHDF 细胞的增殖呈剂量依赖性反应。总之，本研究不仅展示了一种新的 ALG-XAN 生物材料墨水的开发，还展示了将天然植物治疗剂掺入 3D 打印水凝胶作为多功能伤口敷料的潜在益处。
