Kammona Olga, Tsanaktsidou Evgenia, Kiparissides Costas
Chemical Process & Energy Resources Research Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Gels. 2024 Feb 14;10(2):147. doi: 10.3390/gels10020147.
Wound healing is a physiological process occurring after the onset of a skin lesion aiming to reconstruct the dermal barrier between the external environment and the body. Depending on the nature and duration of the healing process, wounds are classified as acute (e.g., trauma, surgical wounds) and chronic (e.g., diabetic ulcers) wounds. The latter take several months to heal or do not heal (non-healing chronic wounds), are usually prone to microbial infection and represent an important source of morbidity since they affect millions of people worldwide. Typical wound treatments comprise surgical (e.g., debridement, skin grafts/flaps) and non-surgical (e.g., topical formulations, wound dressings) methods. Modern experimental approaches include among others three dimensional (3D)-(bio)printed wound dressings. The present paper reviews recently developed 3D (bio)printed hydrogels for wound healing applications, especially focusing on the results of their in vitro and in vivo assessment. The advanced hydrogel constructs were printed using different types of bioinks (e.g., natural and/or synthetic polymers and their mixtures with biological materials) and printing methods (e.g., extrusion, digital light processing, coaxial microfluidic bioprinting, etc.) and incorporated various bioactive agents (e.g., growth factors, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, nanoparticles, etc.) and/or cells (e.g., dermal fibroblasts, keratinocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, etc.).
伤口愈合是皮肤损伤发生后出现的一种生理过程,旨在重建外部环境与身体之间的真皮屏障。根据愈合过程的性质和持续时间,伤口可分为急性伤口(如创伤、手术伤口)和慢性伤口(如糖尿病溃疡)。后者需要数月才能愈合或无法愈合(不愈合的慢性伤口),通常容易受到微生物感染,并且是发病的一个重要来源,因为它们影响着全球数百万人。典型的伤口治疗方法包括手术方法(如清创术、皮肤移植/皮瓣)和非手术方法(如局部制剂、伤口敷料)。现代实验方法包括三维(3D)(生物)打印伤口敷料等。本文综述了最近开发的用于伤口愈合应用的3D(生物)打印水凝胶,尤其关注其体外和体内评估结果。先进的水凝胶构建体使用不同类型的生物墨水(如天然和/或合成聚合物及其与生物材料的混合物)和打印方法(如挤出、数字光处理、同轴微流控生物打印等)进行打印,并包含各种生物活性剂(如生长因子、抗生素、抗菌剂、纳米颗粒等)和/或细胞(如真皮成纤维细胞、角质形成细胞、间充质干细胞、内皮细胞等)。