Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
College of Medicine and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
Neural Netw. 2023 Aug;165:553-561. doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2023.06.013. Epub 2023 Jun 12.
Liver disease is a potentially asymptomatic clinical entity that may progress to patient death. This study proposes a multi-modal deep neural network for multi-class malignant liver diagnosis. In parallel with the portal venous computed tomography (CT) scans, pathology data is utilized to prognosticate primary liver cancer variants and metastasis. The processed CT scans are fed to the deep dilated convolution neural network to explore salient features. The residual connections are further added to address vanishing gradient problems. Correspondingly, five pathological features are learned using a wide and deep network that gives a benefit of memorization with generalization. The down-scaled hierarchical features from CT scan and pathology data are concatenated to pass through fully connected layers for classification between liver cancer variants. In addition, the transfer learning of pre-trained deep dilated convolution layers assists in handling insufficient and imbalanced dataset issues. The fine-tuned network can predict three-class liver cancer variants with an average accuracy of 96.06% and an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.832. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to classify liver cancer variants by integrating pathology and image data, hence following the medical perspective of malignant liver diagnosis. The comparative analysis on the benchmark dataset shows that the proposed multi-modal neural network outperformed most of the liver diagnostic studies and is comparable to others.
肝脏疾病是一种潜在的无症状临床病症,可能导致患者死亡。本研究提出了一种用于多类恶性肝脏诊断的多模态深度神经网络。与门静脉 CT 扫描并行,利用病理学数据对原发性肝癌变体和转移进行预后分析。处理后的 CT 扫描被输入深度扩张卷积神经网络以探索显著特征。此外,还添加了残差连接来解决梯度消失问题。相应地,使用宽深网络学习五个病理学特征,这有利于记忆和泛化。从 CT 扫描和病理学数据中提取的分层特征被级联起来,通过全连接层进行肝癌变体之间的分类。此外,预训练的深度扩张卷积层的迁移学习有助于处理数据量不足和不平衡的问题。微调后的网络可以预测三种肝癌变体,平均准确率为 96.06%,AUC 为 0.832。据我们所知,这是首次通过整合病理和图像数据对肝癌变体进行分类的研究,因此遵循了恶性肝脏诊断的医学观点。在基准数据集上的对比分析表明,所提出的多模态神经网络在大多数肝脏诊断研究中表现出色,与其他研究相当。
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