School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW,Australia.
Football Australia, Sydney, NSW,Australia.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2023 Jun 27;18(10):1132-1140. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0027. Print 2023 Oct 1.
This study examined posttravel perceptual responses of national-team footballers (soccer) following different flight paths, arrival/departure times, and trip contexts.
Details of 396 flights from national-team players (N = 68) were obtained and verified via an online flight database. Each player provided ratings of perceptual fatigue, sleep, soreness, stress, and jet lag for 2 days before and after each trip. The flight path (continents of departure and arrival), travel context (into vs out of national team), and arrival and departure times were obtained for each trip. Linear mixed models compared the pretravel with posttravel change in perceptual responses based on flight path, context, and schedule.
Perceived jet-lag ratings were more responsive to travel variables (R2 = .48) than other perceptual ratings (R2 < .26). Travel from Asia to Europe (P < .05) and Europe to Australia (P < .001) had significantly higher jet-lag ratings than all other paths. Fatigue scores were worst following Asia to Europe (P < .05) and Europe to Australia (P < .05) travel, while sleep scores were worst following Europe to Australia travel (P < .01). Perceptual responses were poorer following travel from national team to club compared with all other travel contexts (P < .05). Arrival during the daytime (11 AM to 5 PM) resulted in better perceptual responses than early-morning or late-night arrivals (P < .05).
Perceived jet-lag ratings are more responsive to travel demands than perceptual wellness scales in national-team football athletes. Poorer perceptual responses may be expected when travel is longer in nature, ends later in the day, or involves travel out of the national team back to club.
本研究考察了国家队足球运动员（足球）在不同飞行路径、到达/离开时间和旅行背景下的旅行后感知反应。
通过在线航班数据库获得并验证了 396 名国家队球员（N=68）的航班详细信息。每位球员在每次旅行前后的前两天提供了对感知疲劳、睡眠、酸痛、压力和时差的评分。获得了每条航线的飞行路径（出发和到达的大陆）、旅行背景（国家队内部旅行与国家队外部旅行）和到达及离开时间。线性混合模型根据飞行路径、背景和行程比较了旅行前后感知反应的变化。
与其他感知评分（R2<0.26）相比，时差知觉评分对旅行变量的反应更敏感（R2=0.48）。从亚洲到欧洲（P<0.05）和欧洲到澳大利亚（P<0.001）的旅行时差评分明显高于其他所有航线。亚洲到欧洲（P<0.05）和欧洲到澳大利亚（P<0.05）的旅行后疲劳评分最差，而欧洲到澳大利亚的旅行后睡眠评分最差（P<0.01）。与所有其他旅行背景相比，从国家队到俱乐部的旅行后感知反应较差（P<0.05）。与清晨或深夜抵达相比，白天（上午 11 点至下午 5 点）到达的球员感知反应更好（P<0.05）。
与感知健康量表相比，时差知觉评分对国家队足球运动员的旅行需求更敏感。当旅行时间更长、结束时间较晚或涉及国家队以外的旅行返回俱乐部时，可能会出现较差的感知反应。
